Real-time PCR-based methods for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in water and milk

Al-Soud, W., 2000. Optimization of diagnostic PCR. A study of PCR inhibitors in blood and sample pretreatment. PhD thesis. Lund University. Al-Soud, 2000, Effects of amplification facilitators on diagnostic PCR in the presence of blood, feces, and meat, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38, 4463, 10.1128/JCM.38.12.4463-4470.2000 Al-Soud, 2001, Purification and characterization of PCR-inhibitory components in blood cells, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 39, 485, 10.1128/JCM.39.2.485-493.2001 Anonymous, 2002. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs—protocol for the validation of alternative methods ISO/DIS 16140. International Organization for Standardization – ISO-. Ballagi-Pordány, 1996, The use of mimics as internal standards to avoid false negatives in diagnostic PCR, Molecular and Cellular Probes, 10, 159, 10.1006/mcpr.1996.0022 Bull, 2000, Characterization of IS900 loci in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and development of multiplex PCR typing, Microbiology, 146, 2185, 10.1099/00221287-146-9-2185 Bull, 2003, Detection and verification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in fresh ileocolonic mucosal biopsy specimens from individuals with and without Crohn's disease, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41, 2915, 10.1128/JCM.41.7.2915-2923.2003 Chamberlin, 2001, Review article: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as one cause of Crohn's disease, Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 15, 337, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00933.x Chiodini, 1989, Crohn's disease and the mycobacterioses: a review and comparison of two disease entities, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2, 90, 10.1128/CMR.2.1.90 Collins, 1997, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis: a potential food-borne pathogen?, Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 3445, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76321-5 Covert, 1999, Occurrence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in environmental samples, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65, 2492, 10.1128/AEM.65.6.2492-2496.1999 Fang, 2002, Comparison of real-time, quantitative PCR with molecular beacons to nested PCR and culture methods for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine fecal samples, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 40, 287, 10.1128/JCM.40.1.287-291.2002 Grant, 2003, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and milk, Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 44, 261 Grant, 2000, Improved detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk by immunomagnetic PCR, Veterinary Microbiology, 77, 369, 10.1016/S0378-1135(00)00322-9 Grant, 2001, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: its incidence, heat resistance and detection in milk and dairy products, International Journal of Diary Technology, 54, 2, 10.1046/j.1471-0307.2001.00009.x Hance, 1989, Detection and identification of mycobacteria by amplification of mycobacterial DNA, Molecular Microbiology, 3, 843, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00233.x Hermon-Taylor, 2002, Crohn's disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: a public health tragedy whose resolution is long overdue, Journal of Medical Microbiology, 51, 3, 10.1099/0022-1317-51-1-3 Hernández, 2001, A rapeseed-specific gene, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, can be used as a reference for qualitative and real-time quantitative PCR detection of transgenes from mixed food samples, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49, 3622, 10.1021/jf010173n Hernández, 2003, A specific real-time quantitative PCR detection system for event MON810 in maize YieldGard® based on the 3′-transgene integration sequence, Transgenic Research, 12, 179, 10.1023/A:1022979624333 Hernández, 2004, Development of real-time PCR systems based on SYBR® Green I, Amplifluor™ and TaqMan® technologies for specific quantitative detection of transgenic maize event GA21, Journal of Cereal Science, 39, 99, 10.1016/S0733-5210(03)00071-7 Higuchi, 1993, Kinetic PCR analysis: real-time monitoring of DNA amplification reactions, Biotechnology, 11, 1026, 10.1038/nbt0993-1026 Hoorfar, 2000, Automated 5′ nuclease PCR assay for identification of Salmonella enterica, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38, 3429, 10.1128/JCM.38.9.3429-3435.2000 Hoorfar, 2003, Making internal amplification control mandatory for diagnostic PCR, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41, 5835, 10.1128/JCM.41.12.5835.2003 Hoorfar, 2004, Practical considerations in design of internal amplification controls for diagnostic PCR assays, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 1863, 10.1128/JCM.42.5.1863-1868.2004 Kay, 2001, The limits of GMO detection, Nature Biotechnology, 19, 405, 10.1038/88049 Khale, 2004, Rapid and sensitive detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine milk and feces by a combination of immunomagnetic bead separation-conventional PCR and real-time PCR, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 1075, 10.1128/JCM.42.3.1075-1081.2004 Kim, 2002, Development and application of quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay based on the ABI 7700 system (TaqMan) for detection and quantification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Journal Veterinary Diagnosis Investigations, 14, 126, 10.1177/104063870201400206 Knutsson, 2002, Evaluation of selective enrichment PCR procedures for Yersinia enterocolitica, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 73, 35, 10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00690-0 Knutsson, 2002, Modelling of 5′ nuclease real-time responses for optimization of a high-throughput enrichment PCR procedure for Salmonella enterica, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 40, 52, 10.1128/JCM.40.1.52-60.2002 Lambertz, 1998, A mimic as internal standard to monitor PCR analysis of foodborne pathogens, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 26, 9, 10.1046/j.1472-765X.1998.00256.x Lund, 2002, Pasteurization of milk and the heat resistance of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a critical review of the data, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 77, 135, 10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00057-0 Mackay, 2004, Real-time PCR in the microbiology laboratory, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 10, 190, 10.1111/j.1198-743X.2004.00722.x Malorny, 2003, Multicenter validation of the analytical accuracy of Salmonella PCR: towards an international standard, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69, 290, 10.1128/AEM.69.1.290-296.2003 McFadden, 1987, Crohn's disease-isolated mycobacteria are identical to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, as determined by DNA probes that distinguish between mycobacterial species, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 25, 796, 10.1128/JCM.25.5.796-801.1987 Mengaud, 1988, Expression in Escherichia coli and sequence analysis of the listeriolysin O determinant of Listeria monocytogenes, Infection and Immunity, 56, 766, 10.1128/IAI.56.4.766-772.1988 Mishina, 1996, On the etiology of Crohn's disease, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93, 9816, 10.1073/pnas.93.18.9816 Motiwala, 2003, Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: evidence for limited strain diversity, strain sharing, and identification of unique targets for diagnosis, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41, 2015, 10.1128/JCM.41.5.2015-2026.2003 O'Mahony, 2002, A real time PCR assay for the detection and quantitation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using SYBR green and the light cycler, Journal of Microbiological Methods, 51, 283, 10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00098-2 Pillai, 2002, Application of IS900 PCR for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis directly from raw milk, Journal of Dairy Science, 85, 1052, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74165-9 Rodríguez-Lázaro, 2003, Rapid and direct real time PCR-based method for identification of Salmonella spp., Journal of Microbiological Methods, 54, 381, 10.1016/S0167-7012(03)00071-X Rodríguez-Lázaro, 2004, Quantitative detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua by real-time PCR: assessment of hly, iap and lin02483 targets and AmpliFluor™ technology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70, 1366, 10.1128/AEM.70.3.1366-1377.2004 Rossen, 1992, Inhibition of PCR by components of food samples, microbial diagnostic assays and DNA-extraction solutions, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 17, 37, 10.1016/0168-1605(92)90017-W Sambrook, 2001 Stabel, 1998, Johne's disease: a hidden threat, Journal of Dairy Science, 81, 283, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75577-8 Taylor, 1981, Isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from the milk of a cow with Johne's disease, Veterinary Record, 109, 532 Whitlock, 1996, Preclinical and clinical manifestations of paratuberculosis (including pathology), Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice, 12, 345, 10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30410-2