REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY DIETARY FAT

Annual Review of Nutrition - Tập 19 Số 1 - Trang 63-90 - 1999
Donald Β. Jump1, Steven D. Clarke2
1Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;
2Nutritional Sciences Program, Department of Human Ecology, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1097

Tóm tắt

▪ Abstract  Dietary fat is an important macronutrient for the growth and development of all organisms. In addition to its role as an energy source and its effects on membrane lipid composition, dietary fat has profound effects on gene expression, leading to changes in metabolism, growth, and cell differentiation. The effects of dietary fat on gene expression reflect an adaptive response to changes in the quantity and type of fat ingested. Specific fatty acid–regulated transcription factors have been identified in bacteria, amphibians, and mammals. In mammals, these factors include peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPARα, -β, and -γ), HNF4α, NFκB, and SREBP1c. These factors are regulated by (a) direct binding of fatty acids, fatty acyl–coenzyme A, or oxidized fatty acids; (b) oxidized fatty acid (eicosanoid) regulation of G-protein–linked cell surface receptors and activation of signaling cascades targeting the nucleus; or (c) oxidized fatty acid regulation of intracellular calcium levels, which affect cell signaling cascades targeting the nucleus. At the cellular level, the physiological response to fatty acids will depend on (a) the quantity, chemistry, and duration of the fat ingested; (b) cell-specific fatty acid metabolism (oxidative pathways, kinetics, and competing reactions); (c) cellular abundance of specific nuclear and membrane receptors; and (d) involvement of specific transcription factors in gene expression. These mechanisms are involved in the control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cell differentiation and growth, and cytokine, adhesion molecule, and eicosanoid production. The effects of fatty acids on the genome provide new insight into how dietary fat might play a role in health and disease.

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Annual Review of Nutrition

Tập 19 Số 1

63-90

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