Quorum Sensing in the Dimorphic Fungus Candida albicans Is Mediated by Farnesol

Applied and Environmental Microbiology - Tập 67 Số 7 - Trang 2982-2992 - 2001
Jacob M. Hornby1, Ellen C. Jensen2, Amber D. Lisec1, Joseph J. Tasto2, Brandon Jahnke1, Richard K. Shoemaker3, Patrick H. Dussault3, Kenneth W. Nickerson1
1School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-06661;
2Biological Sciences, College of St. Benedict's and St. John's University, Collegeville, Minnesota 563212; and
3Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-03043

Tóm tắt

ABSTRACT The inoculum size effect in the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans results from production of an extracellular quorum-sensing molecule (QSM). This molecule prevents mycelial development in both a growth morphology assay and a differentiation assay using three chemically distinct triggers for germ tube formation (GTF): l -proline, N -acetylglucosamine, and serum (either pig or fetal bovine). In all cases, the presence of QSM prevents the yeast-to-mycelium conversion, resulting in actively budding yeasts without influencing cellular growth rates. QSM exhibits general cross-reactivity within C. albicans in that supernatants from strain A72 are active on five other strains of C. albicans and vice versa. The QSM excreted by C. albicans is farnesol (C 15 H 26 O; molecular weight, 222.37). QSM is extracellular, and is produced continuously during growth and over a temperature range from 23 to 43°C, in amounts roughly proportional to the CFU/milliliter. Production is not dependent on the type of carbon source nor nitrogen source or on the chemical nature of the growth medium. Both commercial mixed isomer and ( E,E )-farnesol exhibited QSM activity (the ability to prevent GTF) at a level sufficient to account for all the QSM activity present in C. albicans supernatants, i.e., 50% GTF at ca. 30 to 35 μM. Nerolidol was ca. two times less active than farnesol. Neither geraniol (C 10 ), geranylgeraniol (C 20 ), nor farnesyl pyrophosphate had any QSM activity.

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Tập 67 Số 7

2982-2992

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