Quantitative Metabolome Profiling of Colon and Stomach Cancer Microenvironment by Capillary Electrophoresis Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Cancer Research - Tập 69 Số 11 - Trang 4918-4925 - 2009
Akiyoshi Hirayama1, Kenjiro Kami1, Masahiro Sugimoto1, Maki Sugawara1, Naoko Toki1, Hiroko Onozuka2, Taira Kinoshitá2, Norio Saito2, Atsushi Ochiai2, Masaru Tomita1, Hiroyasu Esumi2, Tomoyoshi Soga1
11Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan and
22National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan

Tóm tắt

Abstract Most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, even in the presence of an adequate oxygen supply (Warburg effect). However, little has been reported regarding the direct measurements of global metabolites in clinical tumor tissues. Here, we applied capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which enables comprehensive and quantitative analysis of charged metabolites, to simultaneously measure their levels in tumor and grossly normal tissues obtained from 16 colon and 12 stomach cancer patients. Quantification of 94 metabolites in colon and 95 metabolites in stomach involved in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, the TCA and urea cycles, and amino acid and nucleotide metabolisms resulted in the identification of several cancer-specific metabolic traits. Extremely low glucose and high lactate and glycolytic intermediate concentrations were found in both colon and stomach tumor tissues, which indicated enhanced glycolysis and thus confirmed the Warburg effect. Significant accumulation of all amino acids except glutamine in the tumors implied autophagic degradation of proteins and active glutamine breakdown for energy production, i.e., glutaminolysis. In addition, significant organ-specific differences were found in the levels of TCA cycle intermediates, which reflected the dependency of each tissue on aerobic respiration according to oxygen availability. The results uncovered unexpectedly poor nutritional conditions in the actual tumor microenvironment and showed that capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry–based metabolomics, which is capable of quantifying the levels of energy metabolites in tissues, could be a powerful tool for the development of novel anticancer agents that target cancer-specific metabolism. [Cancer Res 2009;69(11):4918–25]

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Cancer Research

Tập 69 Số 11

4918-4925

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