Quantification of the Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts: Analysis of Sensitivity and Hierarchization Based on the Method Used
Tóm tắt
Plants have a large number of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. Studies for the determination of the antioxidant activity of different plant species could contribute to revealing the value of these species as a source of new antioxidant compounds. There is a large variety of in vitro methods to quantify antioxidant activity, and it is important to select the proper method to determine which species have the highest antioxidant activity. The aim of this work was to verify whether different methods show the same sensitivity and/or capacity to discriminate the antioxidant activity of the extract of different plant species. To that end, we selected 12 species with different content of phenolic compounds. Their extracts were analyzed using the following methods: 2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity assay, ferric reducing (FRAP) assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (ABTS) assay, and reducing power (RP) assay. The four methods selected could quantify the antioxidant capacity of the 12 study species, although there were differences between them. The antioxidant activity values quantified through DPPH and RP were higher than the ones obtained by ABTS and FRAP, and these values varied among species. Thus, the hierarchization or categorization of these species was different depending on the method used. Another difference established between these methods was the sensitivity obtained with each of them. A cluster revealed that RP established the largest number of groups at the shortest distance from the root. Therefore, as it showed the best discrimination of differences and/or similarities between species, RP is considered in this study as the one with the highest sensitivity among the four studied methods. On the other hand, ABTS showed the lowest sensitivity. These results show the importance of selecting the proper antioxidant activity quantification method for establishing a ranking of species based on this parameter.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Barua, 2014, A comparative study of the in vitro antioxidant property of different extracts of Acorus calamus Linn, J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour., 4, 8
Pang, 2018, Bound phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of whole grain and bran of white, red and black rice, Food Chem., 240, 212, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.095
2010, Antioxidant activity of selected plant species; potential new sources of natural antioxidants, Food Chem. Toxicol., 48, 3125, 10.1016/j.fct.2010.08.007
Duthie, 2000, Plant polyphenols in cancer and heart disease: Implications as nutritional antioxidants, Nutr. Res. Rev., 13, 79, 10.1079/095442200108729016
Li, 2014, Resources and biological activities of natural polyphenols, Nutrients, 6, 6020, 10.3390/nu6126020
Balmus, 2016, The implications of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical aspects and animal models, Saudi J. Gastroenterol., 22, 3, 10.4103/1319-3767.173753
Miliauskas, 2004, Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts, Food Chem., 85, 231, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.05.007
Gouthamchandra, 2010, Free radical scavenging, antioxidant enzymes and wound healing activities of leaves extracts from Clerodendrum infortunatum L., Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 30, 11, 10.1016/j.etap.2010.03.005
Grobin, 2017, The methodology applied in DPPH, ABTS and Folin-Ciocalteau assays has a large influence on the determined antioxidant potential, Acta Chim. Slov., 64, 491, 10.17344/acsi.2017.3408
Apak, 2008, Mechanism of antioxidant capacity assays and the CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) assay, Microchim. Acta, 160, 413, 10.1007/s00604-007-0777-0
Prior, 2005, Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 4290, 10.1021/jf0502698
Pérez Jiménez, J. (2007). Metodología Para la Evaluación de Ingredientes Funcionales Antioxidantes: Efectos de Fibra Antioxidante de Uva en Status Antioxidante Y Parámetros de Riesgo Cardiovascular en Humanos. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid].
Huang, 2005, The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 1841, 10.1021/jf030723c
Schaich, 2015, Hurdles and pitfalls in measuring antioxidant efficacy: A critical evaluation of ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays, J. Funct. Foods, 14, 111, 10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.043
Fares, 2011, The antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of the Lebanese Olea europaea extract, Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 66, 58, 10.1007/s11130-011-0213-9
Vanzani, 2011, Wild Mediterranean plants as traditional food: A valuable source of antioxidants, J. Food Sci., 76, 46, 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01949.x
Papaefthimiou, 2014, Genus Cistus: A model for exploring labdane-type diterpenes’ biosynthesis and a natural source of high value products with biological, aromatic, and pharmacological properties, Front. Chem., 11, 2
Vogt, 1987, Epicuticular flavonoid aglycones in the genus Cistus, Cistaceae, J. Plant Physiol., 131, 25, 10.1016/S0176-1617(87)80264-X
Chaves, 1997, Quantitative variation of flavonoids among individuals of a Cistus ladanifer population, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 25, 429, 10.1016/S0305-1978(97)00019-7
2012, Terpene compounds in nature: A review of their potential antioxidant activity, Curr. Med. Chem., 19, 5319, 10.2174/092986712803833335
Guerreiro, 2015, Cistus ladanifer L. Shrub is rich in saturated and branched chain fatty acids and their concentration increases in the mediterranean dry season, Lipids, 50, 493, 10.1007/s11745-015-4001-4
Castells, 2002, Carbon-based secondary and structural compounds in mediterranean shrubs growing near a natural CO2 spring, Glob. Chang. Biol., 8, 281, 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00466.x
Ammar, 2005, Assessment of the digestibility of some Mediterranean shrubs by in vitro techniques, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 119, 323, 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.12.013
Rozin, 2004, Preference for natural: Instrumental and ideational/moral motivations, and the contrast between foods and medicines, Appetite, 43, 147, 10.1016/j.appet.2004.03.005
Romani, 2002, Identification and quantification of galloyl derivatives, flavonoid glycosides and anthocyanins in leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L., Phytochem. Anal., 13, 79, 10.1002/pca.627
Lehmann, 2015, Field spectroscopy in the vnir-swir region to discriminate between mediterranean native plants and exotic-invasive shrubs based on leaf tannin content, Remote Sens., 7, 1225, 10.3390/rs70201225
Petek, 2016, Medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae as functional foods—A review, Czech J. Food Sci., 34, 377, 10.17221/504/2015-CJFS
Harley, R.M., and Reynolds, T. (1992). Chemical components of Labiatae oils and their exploitation. Advances in Labiate Science, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
2008, Glandular and eglandular hairs of Salvia recognita Fisch. & Mey. (Lamiaceae) in Turkey, Bangladesh J. Bot., 37, 93
Sen, 1999, Pharmacology of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and its therapeutic potentials, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 37, 124
Parejo, 2002, Comparison between the radical scavenging activity and antioxidant activity of six distilled and nondistilled mediterranean herbs and aromatic plants, J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 6882, 10.1021/jf020540a
Boix, 2011, Glandular trichomes of Rosmarinus officinalis L.: Anatomical and phytochemical analyses of leaf volatiles, Plant Biosyst., 145, 848, 10.1080/11263504.2011.584075
Djabou, 2013, Phytochemical composition of Corsican Teucrium essential oils and antibacterial activity against foodborne or toxi-infectious pathogens, Food Control, 30, 354, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.06.025
Chaabane, F., Boubaker, J., Loussaif, A., Neffati, A., Kilani-Jaziri, S., Ghedira, K., and Chekir-Ghedira, L. (2012). Antioxidant, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities of Daphne gnidium leaf extracts. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 12.
Romani, 1996, Extraction and identification procedures of polyphenolic compounds and carbohydrates in phillyrea (Phillyrea angustifolia L.) leaves, Chromatographia, 42, 571, 10.1007/BF02290294
Singleton, 1965, Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagent, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 16, 144, 10.5344/ajev.1965.16.3.144
Katalinic, 2006, Screening of 70 medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant capacity and total phenols, Food Chem., 94, 550, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.12.004
Benzie, 1996, The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “Antioxidant Power”: The FRAP assay, Anal. Biochem., 239, 70, 10.1006/abio.1996.0292
Stratil, 2006, Determination of total content of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in vegetables evaluation of spectrophotometric methods, J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 607, 10.1021/jf052334j
Oyaizu, 1986, Studies on products of browning reaction: Antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine, Jpn. J. Nutr., 44, 307, 10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307
2003, Commercial Dietary Antioxidant Supplements Assayed for Their Antioxidant Activity by Different Methodologies, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 2512, 10.1021/jf021030j
Moon, 2009, Antioxidant assays for plant and food components, J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 1655, 10.1021/jf803537k
Londoño-Londoño, J. (2012). Antioxidantes: Importancia biológica y métodos para medir su actividad. Desarrollo Y Transversalidad. Serie Lasallista Investigación Y Ciencia, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista.
Miller, 1997, Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds, Trends Plant Sci., 2, 152, 10.1016/S1360-1385(97)01018-2
2017, Antioxidants bound to an insoluble food matrix: Their analysis, regeneration behavior, and physiological importance, Compr. Rev. Food Sci., 16, 382, 10.1111/1541-4337.12263
Sabu, A., Roussos, S., and Aguilar, C.N. (2011). Tannins: Chemistry, biological properties and biodegradation. Chemistry and Biotechnology of Polyphenols, Cibet Publishers.
Zlatić, N., Jakovljević, D., and Stanković, M. (2019). Temporal, plant part, and interpopulation variability of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity of Inula helenium L.. Plants, 8.
Tardieu, 2010, Dissection and modelling of abiotic stress tolerance in plants, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 13, 206, 10.1016/j.pbi.2009.12.012
Hadacek, 2011, Hormesis and a chemical Raison D’être for secondary plant metabolites, Dose Response, 9, 79, 10.2203/dose-response.09-028.Hadacek
Mhamdi, 2010, Antioxidant activities of the essential oils and methanol extracts from myrtle (Myrtus communis var. italica L.) leaf, stem and flower, Food Chem. Toxicol., 48, 1362, 10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.002
Djeridane, 2006, Antioxidant activity of some algerian medicinal plants extracts containing phenolic compounds, Food Chem., 97, 654, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.04.028
Madani, 2014, Antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents of some Mediterranean medicinal plants and their potential role in the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and acetylcholinesterase activities, Ind. Crops Prod., 53, 6, 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.12.008
Fawole, 2009, Antiinflammatory and phytochemical properties of twelve medicinal plants used for treating gastrointestinal ailments in South Africa, J. Ethnopharmacol., 123, 237, 10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.012
Milan, 2010, Different methods for control and comparison of the antioxidant properties of vegetables, Food Control, 21, 518, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.07.017
Thaipong, 2006, Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts, J. Food Compos. Anal., 19, 669, 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.01.003
Wojdylo, 2007, Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs, Food Chem., 105, 940, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.038
Vitrac, 2009, Comparative study of antioxidant properties and total phenolic content of 30 plant extracts of industrial interest using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, SOD, and ORAC assays, J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 1768, 10.1021/jf803011r
Garry, 2013, High correlation of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing activity potential and total phenolics content indicates redundancy in use of all three assays to screen for antioxidant activity of extracts of plants from the malaysian rainforest, Antioxidants, 2, 1, 10.3390/antiox2010001
Aguilar, 2015, Total phenolic content, in vitro antioxidant activity and chemical composition of plant extracts from semiarid Mexican region, Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med., 8, 104, 10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60299-6