Prototypical similarity, self‐categorization, and depersonalized attraction: A perspective on group cohesiveness

European Journal of Social Psychology - Tập 25 Số 2 - Trang 159-177 - 1995
Michael A. Hogg1, Elizabeth A. Hardie2, Katherine J. Reynolds3
1Department of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
2Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Australia
3Department of Psychology, Australian National University, Australia

Tóm tắt

AbstractIn contrast to traditional approaches that widely equate group cohesiveness with interpersonal attraction, self‐categorization theoryargues that self‐categorization depersonalizes perception in terms of the group prototype, and transforms the basis of interindividual attitude (liking) from idiosyncracy into prototypicality. An implication is that while attraction in interpersonal relationships relates to overall similarity, attraction among group members is based on prototypical similarity. To test this idea, subjects (N = 219) participated in an experiment in which they reported their attitude towards an individual who would be their partner, or a fellow group member (of either group ‘Visual’ or group ‘Tactile’) for a subsequent task. Subject‐target similarity varied on each of two dimensions: dimension ‘A’ was more prototypical of group ‘Visual’, and dimension ‘F’ of group ‘Tactile’. The independent variables of social orientation (interpersonal, group ‘Visual’, group ‘Tactile’), similarity on dimension A (A ±), and dimension F(F±) were manipulated in a 3 × 2 × 2 design. The three hypotheses tested in this experiment were generally supported. Subjects preferred prototypically similar group members to interpersonal partners, and downgraded prototypically dissisimilar group members (HI). Identification was positively related to target evaluation (H2), more strongly for prototypically similar than dissimilar targets (H3), and the identification‐attraction relationship was mediated by perceived prototypical similarity. Group‐based effects were independent of perceptions of overall similarity.

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Thông tin xuất bản

European Journal of Social Psychology

Tập 25 Số 2

159-177

Thông tin tác giả