Proton-enhanced NMR of dilute spins in solids

Journal of Chemical Physics - Tập 59 Số 2 - Trang 569-590 - 1973
Alexander Pines1, M. G. Gibby1, J. S. Waugh1
1Department of Chemistry and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139

Tóm tắt

The NMR signals of isotopically or chemically dilute nuclear spins S in solids can be enhanced by repeatedly transferring polarization from a more abundant species I of high abundance (usually protons) to which they are coupled. The gain in power sensitivity as compared with conventional observation of the rare spins approaches NII(I+1)γI2/NSS(S+1)γS2, or ∼ 103 for S = 13C, I = 1H in organic solids. The transfer of polarization is accomplished by any of a number of double resonance methods. High-frequency resolution of the S -spin signal is obtained by decoupling of the abundant spins. The experimental requirements of the technique are discussed and a brief comparison of its sensitivity with other procedures is made. Representative applications and experimental results are mentioned.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

1972, Phys. Rev. B, 6, 1724, 10.1103/PhysRevB.6.1724

1972, Phys. Rev. B, 6, 1714, 10.1103/PhysRevB.6.1714

1969, Phys. Rev., 180, 432, 10.1103/PhysRev.180.432

1967, Phys. Rev., 156, 817, 10.1103/PhysRev.156.817

1968, Phys. Rev., 175, 498, 10.1103/PhysRev.175.498

1960, Phys. Rev., 119, 79, 10.1103/PhysRev.119.79

1968, Phys. Rev. Lett., 21, 511, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.21.511

1949, Physica (The Hague), 15, 386, 10.1016/0031-8914(49)90114-7

1968, Adv. Magn. Reson., 3, 206

1969, Science, 164, 1015, 10.1126/science.164.3883.1015

1948, J. Chem. Phys., 16, 317

1954, J. Chem. Phys., 22, 651, 10.1063/1.1740142

1950, J. Chem. Phys., 18, 159, 10.1063/1.1747579

1950, J. Chem. Phys., 18, 162, 10.1063/1.1747580

1958, J. Chem. Phys., 28, 388, 10.1063/1.1744143

1970, J. Chem. Phys., 52, 6224, 10.1063/1.1672931

1966, J. Chem. Phys., 44, 2995, 10.1063/1.1727169

1971, Acc. Chem. Res., 33, 223

1948, Phys. Rev., 74, 1168, 10.1103/PhysRev.74.1168

1958, Arch. Sci., 11, 223

1966, Proc. R. Soc. A, 291, 257

1967, Phys. Rev., 155, 321, 10.1103/PhysRev.155.321

1968, J. Chem. Phys., 48, 662, 10.1063/1.1668698

1968, Phys. Rev. Lett., 20, 180, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.20.180

1968, Phys. Rev., 175, 453, 10.1103/PhysRev.175.453

1969, Phys. Rev., 185, 420, 10.1103/PhysRev.185.420

1971, J. Phys. C, 4, 1444, 10.1088/0022-3719/4/11/020

1971, Phys. Rev. B, 3, 684, 10.1103/PhysRevB.3.684

1972, J. Magn. Reson., 6, 457

1972, Phys. Rev. B, 5, 3459, 10.1103/PhysRevB.5.3459

1972, Phys. Rev., 6, 3253, 10.1103/PhysRevB.6.3253

1971, J. Chem. Phys., 55, 53, 10.1063/1.1675561

1972, J. Magn. Reson., 8, 354

1972, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 43, 1356, 10.1063/1.1685924

1971, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 16, 1403

1972, J. Chem. Phys., 56, 1776, 10.1063/1.1677439

1958, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1, 343, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.1.343

1971, J. Chem. Phys., 54, 5439

1958, Phys. Rev., 111, 853, 10.1103/PhysRev.111.853

1971, J. Chem. Phys., 54, 3239, 10.1063/1.1675324

1962, Phys. Rev., 128, 2042, 10.1103/PhysRev.128.2042

1958, Phys. Rev., 109, 1441, 10.1103/PhysRev.109.1441

1955, Phys. Rev., 98, 1787, 10.1103/PhysRev.98.1787

1950, C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 248, 92

1966, Phys. Rev. Lett., 16, 1097, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.16.1097

1964, Phys. Rev., 133, A1108, 10.1103/PhysRev.133.A1108

1969, Phys. Rev., 188, 609, 10.1103/PhysRev.188.609

1957, Phys. Rev., 107, 46, 10.1103/PhysRev.107.46

1966, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 37, 93, 10.1063/1.1719961

1962, Phys. Rev., 128, 2023, 10.1103/PhysRev.128.2023

1971, Adv. Magn. Reson., 5, 117, 10.1016/B978-0-12-025505-4.50009-0

1971, Adv. Magn. Reson., 5, 81, 10.1016/B978-0-12-025505-4.50008-9

1953, Phys. Rev., 90, 238, 10.1103/PhysRev.90.238

1951, Phys. Rev., 78, 699

1955, Phys. Rev., 97, 1679, 10.1103/PhysRev.97.1679

1953, Acta Metall., 1, 731, 10.1016/0001-6160(53)90033-9

1961, J. Chem. Phys., 35, 753, 10.1063/1.1732003

1969, J. Chem. Phys., 50, 1058, 10.1063/1.1671157

1955, Phys. Rev., 97, 1679, 10.1103/PhysRev.97.1679

1970, J. Chem. Phys., 52, 6198, 10.1063/1.1672926

1972, J. Chem. Phys., 56, 991, 10.1063/1.1677259

1971, J. Chem. Phys., 55, 746, 10.1063/1.1676141

1972, Chem. Phys. Lett., 15, 373, 10.1016/0009-2614(72)80191-X

1972, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 94, 6231, 10.1021/ja00772a071

1972, Chem. Phys. Lett., 17, 80, 10.1016/0009-2614(72)80330-0

1969, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 9, 101

1967, J. Chem. Phys., 47, 4286, 10.1063/1.1701629

1966, J. Chem. Phys., 44, 1797, 10.1063/1.1726943

1969, J. Chem. Phys., 50, 5016, 10.1063/1.1670998

1953, Proc. R. Soc. A, 218, 537

1965, J. Chem. Phys., 43, 3575, 10.1063/1.1696521

1969, Z. Naturforsch. A, 24, 1526, 10.1515/zna-1969-1010

1967, Z. Naturforsch. A, 22, 1236, 10.1515/zna-1967-0814

1970, Z. Naturforsch. A, 25, 1459, 10.1515/zna-1970-1017

1973, J. Chem. Phys., 58, 591

1970, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 92, 411, 10.1021/ja00705a618

1965, Adv. Magn. Reson., 1, 223

1968, J. Chem. Phys., 48, 3831, 10.1063/1.1669699

1971, J. Chem. Phys., 55, 189, 10.1063/1.1675508

1958, Phys. Rev., 112, 837, 10.1103/PhysRev.112.837

1971, J. Chem. Phys., 55, 5406, 10.1063/1.1675687

1972, Chem. Phys. Lett., 16, 256

1970, J. Chem. Phys., 52, 3439, 10.1063/1.1673508

1971, Z. Naturforsch. A, 26, 1792, 10.1515/zna-1971-1103

1963, Phys. Rev., 132, 610, 10.1103/PhysRev.132.610

1970, J. Chem. Phys., 52, 3152, 10.1063/1.1673451

1972, Chem. Phys. Lett., 13, 563, 10.1016/0009-2614(72)85012-7

1970, Phys. Rev. B, 1, 2048, 10.1103/PhysRevB.1.2048

1969, Phys. Rev. Lett., 22, 867, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.867

1972, Phys. Rev. B, 6, 757, 10.1103/PhysRevB.6.757

1961, Phys. Rev., 122, 1701, 10.1103/PhysRev.122.1701

1967, Phys. Rev., 157, 232, 10.1103/PhysRev.157.232

1971, J. Chem. Phys., 55, 5405, 10.1063/1.1675686

1971, J. Phys. C, 4, L197, 10.1088/0022-3719/4/10/005

1962, Phys. Rev., 127, 78, 10.1103/PhysRev.127.78