Protein-Based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems

Pharmaceutics - Tập 12 Số 7 - Trang 604
Seyoung Hong1, Dong Wook Choi2, Hong Nam Kim3, Chun Gwon Park4,5, Wonhwa Lee6, Hee Ho Park1
1Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
2Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
3Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
4Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
5Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
6Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea

Tóm tắt

Nanoparticles have been extensively used as carriers for the delivery of chemicals and biomolecular drugs, such as anticancer drugs and therapeutic proteins. Natural biomolecules, such as proteins, are an attractive alternative to synthetic polymers commonly used in nanoparticle formulation because of their safety. In general, protein nanoparticles offer many advantages, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. Moreover, the preparation of protein nanoparticles and the corresponding encapsulation process involved mild conditions without the use of toxic chemicals or organic solvents. Protein nanoparticles can be generated using proteins, such as fibroins, albumin, gelatin, gliadine, legumin, 30Kc19, lipoprotein, and ferritin proteins, and are prepared through emulsion, electrospray, and desolvation methods. This review introduces the proteins used and methods used in generating protein nanoparticles and compares the corresponding advantages and disadvantages of each.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Verma, D., Gulati, N., Kaul, S., Mukherjee, S., and Nagaich, U. (2018). Protein based nanostructures for drug delivery. J. Pharm.

Mao, 2017, A novel melittin nano-liposome exerted excellent anti-hepatocellular carcinoma efficacy with better biological safety, J. Hematol. Oncol., 10, 71, 10.1186/s13045-017-0442-y

Malam, 2009, Liposomes and nanoparticles: Nanosized vehicles for drug delivery in cancer, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 30, 592, 10.1016/j.tips.2009.08.004

Yang, 2018, Silica nanoparticle stability in biological media revisited, Sci. Rep., 8, 185, 10.1038/s41598-017-18502-8

Rao, 2011, Polymer nanoparticles: Preparation techniques and size-control parameters, Prog. Polym. Sci., 36, 887, 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.01.001

Carvalho, 2019, Peptide-Modified Dendrimer Nanoparticles for Targeted Therapy of Colorectal Cancer, Adv. Ther., 2, 1900132, 10.1002/adtp.201900132

Jeong, 2016, Nanoparticle–dendrimer hybrid nanocapsules for therapeutic delivery, Nanomedicine, 11, 1571, 10.2217/nnm-2016-0034

Song, 2019, Magnetic-silk/polyethyleneimine core-shell nanoparticles for targeted gene delivery into human breast cancer cells, Int. J. Pharm., 555, 322, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.030

Jabalera, Y., Garcia-Pinel, B., Ortiz, R., Iglesias, G., Cabeza, L., Prados, J., Jimenez-Lopez, C., and Melguizo, C. (2019). Oxaliplatin–Biomimetic Magnetic Nanoparticle Assemblies for Colon Cancer-Targeted Chemotherapy: An In Vitro Study. Pharmaceutics, 11.

Jacob, 2018, Biopolymer based nanomaterials in drug delivery systems: A review, Mater. Today Chem., 9, 43, 10.1016/j.mtchem.2018.05.002

Lohcharoenkal, 2014, Protein nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers for cancer therapy, Biomed. Res. Int., 2014, 180549, 10.1155/2014/180549

Langer, 2003, Optimization of the preparation process for human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles, Int. J. Pharm., 257, 169, 10.1016/S0378-5173(03)00134-0

Mottaghitalab, 2017, Targeted delivery system based on gemcitabine-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles for lung cancer therapy, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 9, 31600, 10.1021/acsami.7b10408

Saleh, 2019, Aptamer functionalized curcumin-loaded human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles for targeted delivery to HER-2 positive breast cancer cells, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 130, 109, 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.129

Sabra, 2018, Self-assembled amphiphilic zein-lactoferrin micelles for tumor targeted co-delivery of rapamycin and wogonin to breast cancer, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 128, 156, 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.04.023

Sahoo, 2015, Recent advancement of gelatin nanoparticles in drug and vaccine delivery, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 81, 317, 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.006

Verma, 2001, Drug delivery technologies and future directions, Pharm. Technol., 25, 1

Joye, 2015, Food-grade protein-based nanoparticles and microparticles for bioactive delivery: Fabrication, characterization, and utilization, Adv. Protein Chem. Struct. Biol., 98, 293, 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2014.11.004

Numata, 2010, Silk-based delivery systems of bioactive molecules, Adv. Drug Del. Rev., 62, 1497, 10.1016/j.addr.2010.03.009

Melke, 2016, Silk fibroin as biomaterial for bone tissue engineering, Acta Biomater., 31, 1, 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.005

Wadbua, 2010, Different properties of electrospun fibrous scaffolds of separated heavy-chain and light-chain fibroins of Bombyx mori, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 46, 493, 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.03.007

Ki, 2009, Silk protein as a fascinating biomedical polymer: Structural fundamentals and applications, Macromol. Res., 17, 935, 10.1007/BF03218639

Keten, 2010, Nanoconfinement controls stiffness, strength and mechanical toughness of β-sheet crystals in silk, Nat. Mater., 9, 359, 10.1038/nmat2704

Pham, 2019, Alpha mangostin loaded crosslinked silk fibroin-based nanoparticles for cancer chemotherapy, Colloids Surf. B. Biointerfaces, 181, 705, 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.06.011

Pham, 2018, Crosslinked fibroin nanoparticles using EDC or PEI for drug delivery: Physicochemical properties, crystallinity and structure, J. Mater. Sci., 53, 14087, 10.1007/s10853-018-2635-3

Wang, 2015, Colloidal stability of silk fibroin nanoparticles coated with cationic polymer for effective drug delivery, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, 21254, 10.1021/acsami.5b05335

Zhang, 2007, Formation of silk fibroin nanoparticles in water-miscible organic solvent and their characterization, J. Nanopart. Res., 9, 885, 10.1007/s11051-006-9162-x

Lammel, 2010, Controlling silk fibroin particle features for drug delivery, Biomaterials, 31, 4583, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.024

Chen, 2018, Supercritical fluid-assisted fabrication of indocyanine green-encapsulated silk fibroin nanoparticles for dual-triggered cancer therapy, ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng., 4, 3487, 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00705

Nazari, 2020, Incorporation of SPION-casein core-shells into silk-fibroin nanofibers for cardiac tissue engineering, J. Cell. Biochem., 121, 2981, 10.1002/jcb.29553

Rivero, 2017, Silk fibroin nanoparticles: Efficient vehicles for the natural antioxidant quercetin, Int. J. Pharm., 518, 11, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.046

Algieri, 2014, Silk fibroin nanoparticles constitute a vector for controlled release of resveratrol in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease in rats, Int. J. Nanomed., 9, 4507

Kim, 2017, Direct Delivery of Recombinant Pin1 Protein Rescued Osteoblast Differentiation of Pin1-Deficient Cells, J. Cell. Physiol., 232, 2798, 10.1002/jcp.25673

Shahbazi, 2015, Preparation and characterization of silk fibroin/oligochitosan nanoparticles for siRNA delivery, Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 136, 867, 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.10.044

Pham, 2020, Fibroin nanoparticles: A promising drug delivery system, Drug Deliv., 27, 431, 10.1080/10717544.2020.1736208

Dastmalchi, 2016, A simple improved desolvation method for the rapid preparation of albumin nanoparticles, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 91, 703, 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.032

Elzoghby, 2012, Albumin-based nanoparticles as potential controlled release drug delivery systems, J. Control Release, 157, 168, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.07.031

Kratz, 2008, Albumin as a drug carrier: Design of prodrugs, drug conjugates and nanoparticles, J. Control Release, 132, 171, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.05.010

Elsadek, 2012, Impact of albumin on drug delivery—New applications on the horizon, J. Control Release, 157, 4, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.09.069

Steinhauser, 2008, Effect of trastuzumab-modified antisense oligonucleotide-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles prepared by heat denaturation, Biomaterials, 29, 4022, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.07.001

Ulbrich, 2009, Transferrin-and transferrin-receptor-antibody-modified nanoparticles enable drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB), Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 71, 251, 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.08.021

Keuth, J., Nitschke, Y., Mulac, D., Riehemann, K., Rutsch, F., and Langer, K. (2020). Reversion of arterial calcification by elastin-targeted DTPA-HSA nanoparticles. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm.

Fasano, 2005, The extraordinary ligand binding properties of human serum albumin, IUBMB Life, 57, 787, 10.1080/15216540500404093

Sudlow, 1975, The characterization of two specific drug binding sites on human serum albumin, Mol. Pharmacol., 11, 824

Bertucci, 2002, Reversible and covalent binding of drugs to human serum albumin: Methodological approaches and physiological relevance, Curr. Med. Chem., 9, 1463, 10.2174/0929867023369673

Junk, M.J. (2012). The Functional Structure of Human Serum Albumin. Assessing the Functional Structure of Molecular Transporters by EPR Spectroscopy, Springer.

Ascoli, 2006, Drug binding to human serum albumin: Abridged review of results obtained with high-performance liquid chromatography and circular dichroism, Chirality Pharmacol. Biol. Chem. Conseq. Mol. Asymmetry, 18, 667

Jameson, 2020, Response rate following albumin-bound paclitaxel plus gemcitabine plus cisplatin treatment among patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: A phase 1b/2 pilot clinical trial, JAMA Oncol., 6, 125, 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.3394

Adams, 2019, Atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel in the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer with 2-year survival follow-up: A phase 1b clinical trial, JAMA Oncol., 5, 334, 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.5152

Gianni, 2018, Comparing neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel vs paclitaxel both followed by anthracycline regimens in women with ERBB2/HER2-negative breast cancer—The Evaluating Treatment with Neoadjuvant Abraxane (ETNA) Trial: A randomized phase 3 clinical trial, JAMA Oncol., 4, 302, 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.4612

Mesken, 2017, Modifying plasmid-loaded HSA-nanoparticles with cell penetrating peptides–cellular uptake and enhanced gene delivery, Int. J. Pharm., 522, 198, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.006

Boiero, 2018, Human serum albumin nanoparticles for ocular delivery of bevacizumab, Int. J. Pharm., 541, 214, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.003

Wu, 2018, Improving the stability of wheat gliadin nanoparticles–Effect of gum arabic addition, Food Hydrocoll., 80, 78, 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.01.042

Ezpeleta, 1999, Preparation of Ulex europaeus lectin-gliadin nanoparticle conjugates and their interaction with gastrointestinal mucus, Int. J. Pharm., 191, 25, 10.1016/S0378-5173(99)00232-X

Umamaheshwari, 2004, Anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of mucoadhesive nanoparticles bearing amoxicillin in experimental gerbils model, AAPS PharmSciTech, 5, 60, 10.1208/pt050232

Gulfam, 2012, Anticancer drug-loaded gliadin nanoparticles induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells, Langmuir, 28, 8216, 10.1021/la300691n

Joye, 2015, Gliadin-based nanoparticles: Fabrication and stability of food-grade colloidal delivery systems, Food Hydrocoll., 44, 86, 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.09.008

Hu, 2015, Fabrication of biopolymer nanoparticles by antisolvent precipitation and electrostatic deposition: Zein-alginate core/shell nanoparticles, Food Hydrocoll., 44, 101, 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.09.015

Liang, 2015, Self-assembled zein–sodium carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles as an effective drug carrier and transporter, J. Mater. Chem. B, 3, 3242, 10.1039/C4TB01920B

Ye, 2006, Formation of stable nanoparticles via electrostatic complexation between sodium caseinate and gum arabic, Biopolym. Orig. Res. Biomol., 82, 121

Weinbreck, 2004, Composition and structure of whey protein/gum arabic coacervates, Biomacromolecules, 5, 1437, 10.1021/bm049970v

Abrams, 2006, Optimization of a two-step desolvation method for preparing gelatin nanoparticles and cell uptake studies in 143B osteosarcoma cancer cells, J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 9, 124

Pandey, V., Tiwari, N., Pandey, V., Rao, A., and Das, I. (2019). Targeted drug delivery and gene therapy through natural biodegradable nanostructures in pharmaceuticals. Nanoarchitectonics in Biomedicine, Elsevier.

Madkhali, 2019, Modified gelatin nanoparticles for gene delivery, Int. J. Pharm., 554, 224, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.001

Ninan, 2011, Preparation and characterization of gelatin extracted from the skins of rohu (Labeo rohita) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio), J. Food Process. Preserv., 35, 143, 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2009.00467.x

Patel, 2008, Biodegradable gelatin microparticles as delivery systems for the controlled release of bone morphogenetic protein-2, Acta Biomater., 4, 1126, 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.04.002

Elzoghby, 2013, Gelatin-based nanoparticles as drug and gene delivery systems: Reviewing three decades of research, J. Control Release, 172, 1075, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.019

Weber, 2000, Desolvation process and surface characterisation of protein nanoparticles, Int. J. Pharm., 194, 91, 10.1016/S0378-5173(99)00370-1

Kommareddy, S., Shenoy, D.B., and Amiji, M.M. (2007). Gelatin nanoparticles and their biofunctionalization. Nanotechnol. Life Sci.

Wang, 2013, Combined delivery of BMP-2 and bFGF from nanostructured colloidal gelatin gels and its effect on bone regeneration in vivo, J. Control Release, 166, 172, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.12.015

Mimi, 2012, Polyethyleneimine-based core-shell nanogels: A promising siRNA carrier for argininosuccinate synthetase mRNA knockdown in HeLa cells, J. Control Release, 158, 123, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.035

Geh, 2016, Optimisation of one-step desolvation and scale-up of gelatine nanoparticle production, J. Microencaps., 33, 595, 10.1080/02652048.2016.1228706

Ishikawa, 2012, Gelatin nanospheres incorporating siRNA for controlled intracellular release, Biomaterials, 33, 9097, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.032

Kushibiki, 2006, Controlled release of plasmid DNA from hydrogels prepared from gelatin cationized by different amine compounds, J. Control Release, 112, 249, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.02.003

Diebold, 2011, Expression of MUC5AC in ocular surface epithelial cells using cationized gelatin nanoparticles, Mol. Pharm., 8, 1783, 10.1021/mp200155t

Chou, M.-J., Yu, H.-Y., Hsia, J.-C., Chen, Y.-H., Hung, T.-T., Chao, H.-M., Chern, E., and Huang, Y.-Y. (2018). Highly efficient intracellular protein delivery by cationic polyethyleneimine-modified gelatin nanoparticles. Materials, 11.

Cho, 2019, Assembled protein nanoparticles in food or nutrition applications, Adv. Food Nutr. Res., 88, 47, 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.01.002

Irache, 1995, Optimization and in vitro stability of legumin nanoparticles obtained by a coacervation method, Int. J. Pharm., 126, 103, 10.1016/0378-5173(95)04103-6

Mirshahi, 2002, Adaptive immune responses of legumin nanoparticles, J. Drug Target., 10, 625, 10.1080/1061186021000066237

Mirshahi, 1996, Development of drug delivery systems from vegetal proteins: Legumin nanoparticles, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 22, 841, 10.3109/03639049609065914

Izumi, 1981, Molecular properties and biosynthesis of major plasma proteins in Bombyx mori, Biochim. Biophys. Acta Protein Struct., 670, 222, 10.1016/0005-2795(81)90013-1

Park, 2012, Stabilization of enzymes by the recombinant 30Kc19 protein, Process. Biochem., 47, 164, 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.10.022

Park, 2003, Purification of recombinant 30K protein produced in Escherichia coli and its anti-apoptotic effect in mammalian and insect cell systems, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 33, 466, 10.1016/S0141-0229(03)00149-2

Park, 2014, Identification and characterization of a novel cell-penetrating peptide of 30Kc19 protein derived from Bombyx mori, Process. Biochem., 49, 1516, 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.05.008

Park, 2017, Enzyme delivery using protein-stabilizing and cell-penetrating 30Kc19α protein nanoparticles, Process. Biochem., 63, 76, 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.08.021

Ryu, 2016, Protein-stabilizing and cell-penetrating properties of α-helix domain of 30Kc19 protein, Biotechnol. J., 11, 1443, 10.1002/biot.201600040

Lee, 2016, α-Galactosidase delivery using 30Kc19-human serum albumin nanoparticles for effective treatment of Fabry disease, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 100, 10395, 10.1007/s00253-016-7689-z

Thaxton, 2016, Lipoproteins and lipoprotein mimetics for imaging and drug delivery, Adv. Drug Del. Rev., 106, 116, 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.020

Bricarello, 2011, Reconstituted lipoprotein: A versatile class of biologically-inspired nanostructures, ACS Nano, 5, 42, 10.1021/nn103098m

Segrest, 1994, The amphipathic α helix: A multifunctional structural motif in plasma apolipoproteins, Adv. Protein Chem., 45, 303, 10.1016/S0065-3233(08)60643-9

Havel, 1955, The distribution and chemical composition of ultracentrifugally separated lipoproteins in human serum, J. Clin. Investig., 34, 1345, 10.1172/JCI103182

Davis, M.E., Chen, Z., and Shin, D.M. (2010). Nanoparticle therapeutics: An emerging treatment modality for cancer. Nanoscience and Technology: A Collection of Reviews from Nature Journals, World Scientific.

Kingwell, 2014, HDL-targeted therapies: Progress, failures and future, Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 13, 445, 10.1038/nrd4279

Duivenvoorden, 2014, A statin-loaded reconstituted high-density lipoprotein nanoparticle inhibits atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, Nat. Commun., 5, 1

Damiano, 2013, Templated high density lipoprotein nanoparticles as potential therapies and for molecular delivery, Adv. Drug Del. Rev., 65, 649, 10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.013

Zheng, 2005, Rerouting lipoprotein nanoparticles to selected alternate receptors for the targeted delivery of cancer diagnostic and therapeutic agents, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 17757, 10.1073/pnas.0508677102

Song, 2014, Lipoprotein-based nanoparticles rescue the memory loss of mice with Alzheimer’s disease by accelerating the clearance of amyloid-beta, ACS Nano, 8, 2345, 10.1021/nn4058215

Naghavi, 2003, From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: A call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part I, Circulation, 108, 1664, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000087480.94275.97

Shepherd, 1995, Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia, N. Engl. J. Med., 333, 1301, 10.1056/NEJM199511163332001

Moore, 2016, Emerging roles of PCSK9: More than a one-trick pony, Am. Heart Assoc., 36, 211

Firestone, 1994, Low-density lipoprotein as a vehicle for targeting antitumor compounds to cancer cells, Bioconj. Chem., 5, 105, 10.1021/bc00026a002

Gordon, 1989, High-density lipoprotein—The clinical implications of recent studies, N. Engl. J. Med., 321, 1311, 10.1056/NEJM198911093211907

Rosenson, 2012, Cholesterol efflux and atheroprotection: Advancing the concept of reverse cholesterol transport, Circulation, 125, 1905, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.066589

Sabnis, 2012, Enhanced solubility and functionality of valrubicin (AD-32) against cancer cells upon encapsulation into biocompatible nanoparticles, Int. J. Nanomed., 7, 975

Franceschini, 1980, A-IMilano apoprotein. Decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with significant lipoprotein modifications and without clinical atherosclerosis in an Italian family, J. Clin. Investig., 66, 892, 10.1172/JCI109956

Nissen, 2003, Effect of recombinant ApoA-I Milano on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes: A randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 290, 2292, 10.1001/jama.290.17.2292

Zeth, 2016, Ferroxidase-mediated iron oxide biomineralization: Novel pathways to multifunctional nanoparticles, Trends Biochem. Sci., 41, 190, 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.11.011

Chasteen, 1999, Mineralization in ferritin: An efficient means of iron storage, J. Struct. Biol., 126, 182, 10.1006/jsbi.1999.4118

Han, 2014, Ferritin protein cage nanoparticles as versatile antigen delivery nanoplatforms for dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine development, Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med., 10, 561, 10.1016/j.nano.2013.11.003

Uchida, 2006, Targeting of cancer cells with ferrimagnetic ferritin cage nanoparticles, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 16626, 10.1021/ja0655690

Zhen, 2013, Ferritin nanocages to encapsulate and deliver photosensitizers for efficient photodynamic therapy against cancer, ACS Nano, 7, 6988, 10.1021/nn402199g

Fan, 2010, Fabrication of gold nanoparticles inside unmodified horse spleen apoferritin, Small, 6, 1483, 10.1002/smll.201000457

Liang, 2014, H-ferritin–nanocaged doxorubicin nanoparticles specifically target and kill tumors with a single-dose injection, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 14900, 10.1073/pnas.1407808111

Fan, 2012, Magnetoferritin nanoparticles for targeting and visualizing tumour tissues, Nat. Nanotechnol., 7, 459, 10.1038/nnano.2012.90

Yang, 2007, Preparation, characterization and biodistribution of the lactone form of 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT)-loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles, Int. J. Pharm., 340, 163, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.03.028

Scheffel, 1972, Albumin microspheres for study of the reticuloendothelial system, J. Nucl. Med., 13, 498

Sturesson, 2000, Incorporation of protein in PLG-microspheres with retention of bioactivity, J. Control Release, 67, 171, 10.1016/S0168-3659(00)00205-4

Raghuvanshi, 1998, Stabilization of dichloromethane-induced protein denaturation during microencapsulation, Pharm. Dev. Technol., 3, 269, 10.3109/10837459809028504

Wang, 2008, Recent developments in nanoparticle-based drug delivery and targeting systems with emphasis on protein-based nanoparticles, Expert Opin. Drug Deliv., 5, 499, 10.1517/17425247.5.5.499

Leuenberger, 1996, Albumin nanospheres as carriers for passive drug targeting: An optimized manufacturing technique, Pharm. Res., 13, 32, 10.1023/A:1016064930502

Mishra, 2006, Targeted brain delivery of AZT via transferrin anchored pegylated albumin nanoparticles, J. Drug Target., 14, 45, 10.1080/10611860600612953

Crisante, 2009, Antibiotic delivery polyurethanes containing albumin and polyallylamine nanoparticles, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 36, 555, 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.12.006

August, 1998, Controlled gene delivery by DNA–gelatin nanospheres, Hum. Gene Ther., 9, 1709, 10.1089/hum.1998.9.12-1709

Nisha, 2004, Complexes of poly (ethylene glycol)-based cationic random copolymer and calf thymus DNA: A complete biophysical characterization, Langmuir, 20, 2386, 10.1021/la035737r

Rhaese, 2003, Human serum albumin–polyethylenimine nanoparticles for gene delivery, J. Control Release, 92, 199, 10.1016/S0168-3659(03)00302-X

Ren, 2019, Effects of frequency ultrasound on the properties of zein-chitosan complex coacervation for resveratrol encapsulation, Food Chem., 279, 223, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.025

Oliveira, 2013, Nano spray drying as an innovative technology for encapsulating hydrophilic active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), J. Nanomed. Nanotechnol., 4, 6, 10.4172/2157-7439.1000186

Haggag, 2015, Evaluation of nano spray drying as a method for drying and formulation of therapeutic peptides and proteins, Front. Pharmacol., 6, 140, 10.3389/fphar.2015.00140

Lee, 2011, Nano spray drying: A novel method for preparing protein nanoparticles for protein therapy, Int. J. Pharm., 403, 192, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.10.012

Wu, 2008, Fabrication of elastin-like polypeptide nanoparticles for drug delivery by electrospraying, Biomacromolecules, 10, 19, 10.1021/bm801033f

Champion, 2007, Particle shape: A new design parameter for micro-and nanoscale drug delivery carriers, J. Control Release, 121, 3, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.03.022

Bock, 2011, Electrospraying, a reproducible method for production of polymeric microspheres for biomedical applications, Polymers, 3, 131, 10.3390/polym3010131

Dorozhkin, 2010, Calcium orthophosphates as bioceramics: State of the art, J. Funct. Biomater., 1, 22, 10.3390/jfb1010022

Yang, 2018, Meletin sustained-release gliadin nanoparticles prepared via solvent surface modification on blending electrospraying, Appl. Surf. Sci., 434, 1040, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.11.024

Batrakova, E.V., Bronich, T.K., Vetro, J.A., and Kabanov, A.V. (2006). Polymer micelles as drug carriers. Nanopart. Drug Carr., 57–93. Available online: https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9781860949074_0005.

Gong, 2009, Synthesis, characterization, drug-loading capacity and safety of novel octyl modified serum albumin micelles, Int. J. Pharm., 376, 161, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.04.033

Zhao, 2015, Silk fibroin-based nanoparticles for drug delivery, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 16, 4880, 10.3390/ijms16034880

Langer, 2008, Human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles: Reproducibility of preparation process and kinetics of enzymatic degradation, Int. J. Pharm., 347, 109, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.06.028

Jahanshahi, M. (2007). Molecular Nanotechnology & Nanobiotechnology, Academic University (Mazandaran) Publications.

Jahanshahi, 2008, Applying the Taguchi method for optimized fabrication of bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7, 362

Kreuter, 2003, Direct evidence that polysorbate-80-coated poly (butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles deliver drugs to the CNS via specific mechanisms requiring prior binding of drug to the nanoparticles, Pharm. Res., 20, 409, 10.1023/A:1022604120952

Redhead, 2001, Drug delivery in poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles surface modified with poloxamer 407 and poloxamine 908: In vitro characterisation and in vivo evaluation, J. Control Release, 70, 353, 10.1016/S0168-3659(00)00367-9

Babaei, 2008, Fabrication and evaluation of gelatin nanoparticles for delivering of anti-cancer drug, Int. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 4, 23

Dunne, 2000, Influence of particle size and dissolution conditions on the degradation properties of polylactide-co-glycolide particles, Biomaterials, 21, 1659, 10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00040-5

Jalili, 2004, A review of atomic force microscopy imaging systems: Application to molecular metrology and biological sciences, Mechatronics, 14, 907, 10.1016/j.mechatronics.2004.04.005

Mistry, 2009, Effect of physicochemical properties on intranasal nanoparticle transit into murine olfactory epithelium, J. Drug Target., 17, 543, 10.1080/10611860903055470

Argast, 2004, A web resource for the study of alkali feldspars and perthitic textures using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, J. Geosci. Educ., 52, 213, 10.5408/1089-9995-52.3.213

Mohanraj, 2006, Nanoparticles-a review, Trop. J. Pharm. Res., 5, 561

Breitenbach, 1999, Oral and nasal administration of tetanus toxoid loaded nanoparticles consisting of novel charged biodegradable polyesters for mucosal vaccination, Proc. Intern. Symp. Control. Release. Bioact. Mater, 26, 348

Harmia, 1986, A solid colloidal drug delivery system for the eye: Encapsulation of pilocarpin in nanoparticles, J. Microencaps., 3, 3, 10.3109/02652048609049580

Kim, 2011, Preparation and characterization of water-soluble albumin-bound curcumin nanoparticles with improved antitumor activity, Int. J. Pharm., 403, 285, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.10.041

Couvreur, 1993, Nano-and microparticles for the delivery of polypeptides and proteins, Adv. Drug Del. Rev., 10, 141, 10.1016/0169-409X(93)90046-7

Soppimath, 2001, Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery devices, J. Control Release, 70, 1, 10.1016/S0168-3659(00)00339-4

Duclairoir, 1998, Formation of gliadin nanoparticles: Influence of the solubility parameter of the protein solvent, Colloid. Polym. Sci., 276, 321, 10.1007/s003960050246

Ventola, 2017, Progress in nanomedicine: Approved and investigational nanodrugs, Pharm. Ther., 42, 742

Havel, 2016, Nanomedicines: From bench to bedside and beyond, AAPS J., 18, 1373, 10.1208/s12248-016-9961-7

Sainz, 2015, Regulatory aspects on nanomedicines, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 468, 504, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.023

Havel, 2016, Where are the nanodrugs? An industry perspective on development of drug products containing nanomaterials, AAPS J., 18, 1351, 10.1208/s12248-016-9970-6

Choi, 2018, Nanomedicines: Current status and future perspectives in aspect of drug delivery and pharmacokinetics, Int. J. Pharm. Investig., 48, 43, 10.1007/s40005-017-0370-4