Simpson RW, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ. The prevention of type 2 diabetes-lifestyle change or pharmacotherapy? A challenge for the 21st century. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2003;59(3):165–80.
International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition, IDF, Brussels. https://diabetesatlas.org/upload/resources/2019/IDF_Atlas_9th_Edition_2019.pdf
Lean MEJ, Leslie WS, Barnes AC, et al. Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10120):541–51.
Petersen MC, Shulman GI. Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance. Physiol Rev. 2018;98(4):2133–223.
Storgaard H, Song XM, Jensen CB, et al. Insulin signal transduction in skeletal muscle from glucose-intolerant relatives of type 2 diabetic patients [corrected]. Diabetes. 2001;50(12):2770–8.
Pratipanawatr W, Pratipanawatr T, Cusi K, et al. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance in normoglycemic subjects with a strong family history of type 2 diabetes is associated with decreased insulin-stimulated insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Diabetes. 2001;50(11):2572–8.
Tonks KT, Ng Y, Miller S, et al. Impaired Akt phosphorylation in insulin-resistant human muscle is accompanied by selective and heterogeneous downstream defects. Diabetologia. 2013;56(4):875–85.
Abel ED, Peroni O, Kim JK, et al. Adipose-selective targeting of the GLUT4 gene impairs insulin action in muscle and liver. Nature. 2001;409(6821):729–33.
Zisman A, Peroni OD, Abel ED, et al. Targeted disruption of the glucose transporter 4 selectively in muscle causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Nat Med. 2000;6(8):924–8.
Moltke I, Grarup N, Jorgensen ME, et al. A common Greenlandic TBC1D4 variant confers muscle insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2014;512(7513):190–3.
Li T, Chen K, Liu G, et al. Calorie restriction prevents the development of insulin resistance and impaired lipid metabolism in gestational diabetes offspring. Pediatr Res. 2017;81(4):663–71.
Prasannarong M, Vichaiwong K, Saengsirisuwan V. Calorie restriction prevents the development of insulin resistance and impaired insulin signaling in skeletal muscle of ovariectomized rats. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012;1822(6):1051–61.
Wang H, Sharma N, Arias E, et al. Insulin signaling and glucose uptake in the soleus muscle of 30-month-old rats after calorie restriction with or without acute exercise. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015;71(3):323–32.
Wheatley KE, Nogueira LM, Perkins SN, et al. Differential effects of calorie restriction and exercise on the adipose transcriptome in diet-induced obese mice. J Obes. 2011;2011:265417.
Park SY, Choi GH, Choi HI, et al. Calorie restriction improves whole-body glucose disposal and insulin resistance in association with the increased adipocyte-specific GLUT4 expression in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2005;436(2):276–84.
Xu W, Lu Z, Wang X, et al. Gynura divaricata exerts hypoglycemic effects by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism signaling pathway. Nutr Diabetes. 2020;10(1):31.
Reed MJ, Meszaros K, Entes LJ, et al. A new rat model of type 2 diabetes: the fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rat. Metabolism. 2000;49(11):1390–4.
Yao H, Gu J, Shan Y, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus decreases systemic exposure of clopidogrel active metabolite through upregulation of P-glycoprotein in rats. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020;180:114142.
Nambirajan G, Karunanidhi K, Ganesan A, et al. Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of bud and flower of Avaram Senna (Cassia auriculata L.) In high fat diet and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;108:1495–506.
Koshinaka K, Sano A, Howlett KF, et al. Effect of high-intensity intermittent swimming on postexercise insulin sensitivity in rat epitrochlearis muscle. Metab Clin Exp. 2008;57(6):749–56.
Chukwuma CI, Islam MS. Effects of xylitol on carbohydrate digesting enzymes activity, intestinal glucose absorption and muscle glucose uptake: a multi-mode study. Food Funct. 2015;6(3):955–62.
Ajiboye BO, Oyinloye BE, Agboinghale PE, et al. Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I. M. Johnst leaf extract prevents oxidative hepatic injury and improves muscle glucose uptake ex vivo. J Food Biochem. 2019;43(12):e13065.
Baskota A, Li S, Dhakal N, et al. Bariatric surgery for type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with BMI <30 kg/m2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(7):e0132335.
Perry RJ, Peng L, Cline GW, et al. Mechanisms by which a very-low-calorie diet reverses hyperglycemia in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab. 2018;27(1):210.e3–17.e3.
van Raalte DH, Diamant M. Glucolipotoxicity and beta cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Target for durable therapy? Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011;93:S37–46.
Holowko J, Michalczyk MM, Zajac A, et al. Six weeks of calorie restriction improves body composition and lipid profile in obese and overweight former athletes. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1461.
Kraus WE, Bhapkar M, Huffman KM, et al. 2 years of calorie restriction and cardiometabolic risk (CALERIE): exploratory outcomes of a multicentre, phase 2, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(9):673–83.
Cnop M, Welsh N, Jonas JC, et al. Mechanisms of pancreatic beta-cell death in type 1 and type 2 diabetes—many differences, few similarities. Diabetes. 2005;54:S97–107.
Paolisso G, Tataranni PA, Foley JE, et al. A high concentration of fasting plasma non-esterified fatty acids is a risk factor for the development of NIDDM. Diabetologia. 1995;38(10):1213–7.
Poitout V, Robertson RP. Minireview: secondary beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes—a convergence of glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity. Endocrinology. 2002;143(2):339–42.
Arias EB. Cartee GD In vitro simulation of calorie restriction-induced decline in glucose and insulin leads to increased insulin-stimulated glucose transport in rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;293(6):E1782–8.
Su EN, Alder VA, Yu DY, et al. Continued progression of retinopathy despite spontaneous recovery to normoglycemia in a long-term study of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2000;238(2):163–73.