Loftus CG, Loftus EV, Harmsen WS, et al. Update on the incidence and prevalence of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1940–2000. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2007;13:254–261.
Langholz E, Munkholm P, Nielsen OH, Kreiner S, Binder V. Incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis in Copenhagen county from 1962 to 1987. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1991;26:1247–1256.
Kornbluth A, Sachar DB. Gastroenterology PPCotACo. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:501–523 (quiz 524).
Truelove SC, Witts LJ. Cortisone in ulcerative colitis; final report on a therapeutic trial. Br Med J. 1955;2:1041–1048.
Ford AC, Bernstein CN, Khan KJ, et al. Glucocorticosteroid therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106:590–599 (quiz 600).
Ho GT, Chiam P, Drummond H, Loane J, Arnott ID, Satsangi J. The efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: analysis of a 5-year UK inception cohort. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;24:319–330.
Faubion WA, Loftus EV, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR, Sandborn WJ. The natural history of corticosteroid therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Gastroenterology. 2001;121:255–260.
The National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics (NCVAS). Trends in the Utilization of VA Programs and Services. 2012; www.va.gov/vetdata. Accessed 21 April 2012.
Khan N, Abbas AM, Almukhtar RM, Khan A. Prevalence and predictors of low bone mineral density in males with ulcerative colitis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:2368–2375.
Garcia-Planella E, Mañosa M, Van Domselaar M, et al. Long-term outcome of ulcerative colitis in patients who achieve clinical remission with a first course of corticosteroids. Dig Liver Dis. 2012;44:206–210.
Targownik LE, Singh H, Nugent Z, Bernstein CN. The epidemiology of colectomy in ulcerative colitis: results from a population-based cohort. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:1228–1235.
Henriksen M, Jahnsen J, Lygren I, et al. Ulcerative colitis and clinical course: results of a 5-year population-based follow-up study (the IBSEN study). Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006;12:543–550.
Ha CY, Newberry RD, Stone CD, Ciorba MA. Patients with late-adult-onset ulcerative colitis have better outcomes than those with early onset disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;8:682–687.
Solberg IC, Lygren I, Jahnsen J, et al. Clinical course during the first 10 years of ulcerative colitis: results from a population-based inception cohort (IBSEN Study). Scand J Gastroenterol. 2009;44:431–440.
Klein RE, Stockford DD. Data on the Socioeconomic Status of Veterans and on VA Program Usage. Office of the Actuary, Veterans Health Administration. 2001; http://www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/SpecialReports/sesprogramnet5-31-01.pdf. Accessed 10 June 2013.
Thirumurthi S, Chowdhury R, Richardson P, Abraham NS. Validation of ICD-9-CM diagnostic codes for inflammatory bowel disease among veterans. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55:2592–2598.
Morgan RO, Petersen LA, Hasche JC, et al. VHA pharmacy use in veterans with medicare drug coverage. Am J Manag Care. 2009;15:e1–e8.
Wolinsky FD, Miller TR, An H, Brezinski PR, Vaughn TE, Rosenthal GE. Dual use of medicare and the Veterans Health Administration: are there adverse health outcomes? BMC Health Serv Res. 2006;6:131.
U.S. Government Accountability Office Report. Veterans Health Care: Use of VA Services by Medicare-Eligible Veterans. 1994; http://www.gao.gov/products/HEHS-95-13. Accessed 19 February 2013.