Đánh giá độc tính tiền lâm sàng của AAV cho đau: bằng chứng từ các nghiên cứu AAV ở người và từ dược lý của thuốc giảm đau

Molecular Pain - Tập 10 - Trang 1-11 - 2014
Josef Pleticha1, Lukas F Heilmann1, Christopher H Evans2, Aravind Asokan3, Richard Jude Samulski3, Andreas S Beutler1
1Departments of Anesthesiology, Oncology, and the Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
2Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
3Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA

Tóm tắt

Liệu pháp gen bằng virus liên kết adeno (AAV) đã có những bước tiến lớn trong vài năm qua, từ kết quả đầy hứa hẹn trên các mô hình động vật đến hơn 100 thử nghiệm lâm sàng (đã báo cáo hoặc đang tiến hành). Trong khi việc có sẵn virus là một trở ngại lớn cách đây một thập kỷ, các phương pháp sản xuất đổi mới hiện nay đã thường xuyên đáp ứng được quy mô liều AAV cần thiết cho thử nghiệm lâm sàng. Những tiến bộ này có thể trở nên hữu ích trong nghiên cứu chuyển giao trong lĩnh vực đau mãn tính. AAV nhằm mục tiêu hệ thần kinh ngoại biên đã được chứng minh là có hiệu quả trên các mô hình động vật gặm nhấm cách đây vài năm, nhưng chưa được thử nghiệm ở người. Bài tổng quan hiện tại đề cập đến các bước cần thiết để chuyển giao AAV cho điều trị đau từ phòng thí nghiệm ra lâm sàng, tập trung vào độc tính tiền lâm sàng. Chúng tôi phân tích các độc tính tiềm ẩn theo ba danh mục rủi ro khái niệm: Thứ nhất, các rủi ro liên quan đến quy trình giao nộp được sử dụng để tiêm virus. Thứ hai, các rủi ro liên quan đến sinh học của AAV, tức là, các tác động của virus có thể xảy ra độc lập với gen điều trị. Thứ ba, các rủi ro liên quan đến tác động của gen điều trị. Để xác định các độc tính tiềm tàng, chúng tôi đã tham khảo các bằng chứng hiện có từ liệu pháp gen AAV cho các rối loạn hệ thần kinh khác (độc tính động vật và nghiên cứu trên người) và từ dược lý lâm sàng của các loại thuốc giảm đau thông thường. Nhờ đó, chúng tôi đã xác định được các nghiên cứu tiền lâm sàng cần thiết và đề xuất một lộ trình giả thuyết hướng tới một thử nghiệm lâm sàng giai đoạn I/II trong môi trường chăm sóc giảm nhẹ ung thư.

Từ khóa

#Liệu pháp gen #Virus liên kết adeno #Đau mãn tính #Độc tính tiền lâm sàng #Dược lý thuốc giảm đau

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