Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Các axit béo không bão hòa đa, viêm và miễn dịch
Tóm tắt
Thành phần axit béo của các tế bào viêm và miễn dịch nhạy cảm với sự thay đổi theo thành phần axit béo của chế độ ăn. Đặc biệt, tỷ lệ các loại axit béo không bão hòa đa (PUFA) khác nhau trong các tế bào này dễ thay đổi, và điều này tạo ra mối liên hệ giữa việc tiêu thụ PUFA trong chế độ ăn, viêm nhiễm và miễn dịch. Axit arachidonic (AA) PUFA n−6 là tiền chất của các prostaglandin, leukotriene và các hợp chất liên quan, có vai trò quan trọng trong viêm và trong việc điều chỉnh miễn dịch. Dầu cá chứa axit eicosapentaenoic (EPA) PUFA n−3. Việc tiêu thụ dầu cá dẫn đến sự thay thế một phần AA trong màng tế bào bằng EPA. Điều này dẫn đến giảm sản xuất các chất trung gian có nguồn gốc từ AA. Thêm vào đó, EPA là một chất nền cho cyclooxygenase và lipoxygenase và tạo ra các chất trung gian thường có tác động sinh học hoặc độ mạnh khác với các chất được hình thành từ AA. Các nghiên cứu trên động vật đã chỉ ra rằng dầu cá trong chế độ ăn dẫn tới sự thay đổi chức năng của lympho bào và giảm sản xuất cytokine proinflammatory của đại thực bào. Việc bổ sung PUFA n−3 có nguồn gốc từ dầu cá vào chế độ ăn của các tình nguyện viên khỏe mạnh đã cho thấy giảm hóa hướng động của bạch cầu đơn nhân và bạch cầu trung tính, cũng như giảm sản xuất cytokine proinflammatory. Việc tiêu thụ dầu cá đã được chứng minh là cải thiện triệu chứng của một số mô hình động vật bệnh tự miễn. Các nghiên cứu lâm sàng đã báo cáo rằng việc bổ sung dầu cá có tác động tích cực trong viêm khớp dạng thấp, bệnh viêm ruột và ở một số bệnh nhân hen suyễn, ủng hộ ý tưởng rằng PUFA n−3 trong dầu cá có tác dụng chống viêm và điều chỉnh miễn dịch.
Từ khóa
#PUFA #viêm #miễn dịch #axit arachidonic #axit eicosapentaenoic #viêm khớp dạng thấp #cytokine #đại thực bào #hóa hướng động #bệnh tự miễnTài liệu tham khảo
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