Plasma total antioxidant status in horses after 8-hours of road transportation
Tóm tắt
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-hour road transport on plasma total antioxidant status (PTAS) and general clinical appearance in horses. The study was conducted on a group of 60 horses of different breeds aged from 4 to 10 years. Venous blood was collected and a clinical examination was performed immediately before loading horses onto trailers for an 8 hour transport (I), immediately after unloading them from the trailer (II), and after a subsequent 24 hour stall rest (III). The ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) was used to determine PTAS. The transportation significantly increased respiratory and heart rates. The average PTAS increased during the three subsequent samplings: I: 170 ± 77 (μmol/l) II: 204 ± 70 (μmol/l) III: 221 ± 74 (μmol/l). Long-distance transport increased the PTAS horses, as well as respiratory and heart rates.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Hartung J: Effect of transport on health of farm animals. Vet Res Commun. 2003, 27 (Suppl 1): 525-527.
Nielsen BL, Dybkjær L, Herskin MS: Road transport of farm animals: effects of journey duration on animal welfare. Anim. 2011, 5: 415-427. 10.1017/S1751731110001989.
Niedźwiedź A, Filipowski H, Służewska-Niedźwiedź M, Nicpoń J: Stress level in horses during transport as a variable in Krefft’s function. Medycyna Wet. 2011, 67: 270-274.
Smith BL, Jones JH, Hornof WJ, Miles JA, Longworth KE, Willits NH: Effects of road transport on indices of stress in horses. Equine Vet J. 1996, 28: 446-454. 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1996.tb01616.x.
Stull CL: Responses of horses to trailer design, duration, and floor area during commercial transportation to slaughter. J Anim Sci. 1999, 77: 2925-2933.
Friend TH, Martin MT, Householder DD, Bushong DM: Stress responses of horses during a long period of transport in a commercial truck. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998, 212: 838-844.
Chirase NK, Greene LW, Purdy CW, Loan RW, Auvermann BW, Parker DB, Walborg EF, Stevenson DE, Xu Y, Klaunig JE: Effect of transport stress on respiratory disease, serum antioxidant status, and serum concentrations of lipid peroxidation biomarkers in beef cattle. Am J Vet Res. 2004, 65: 860-886. 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.860.
Ito S, Hobo S, Eto D, Sato H: Bronchoalveolar lavage for the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia associated with transport in Thoroughbred racehorses. J Vet Med Sci. 2001, 63: 1263-1269. 10.1292/jvms.63.1263.
Ishida N, Hobo S, Takahashi T, Nanbo Y, Sato F, Hasegawa T, Mukoyama H: Chronological changes in superoxide-scavenging ability and lipid peroxide concentration of equine serum due to stress from exercise and transport. Equine Vet J Suppl. 1999, 30: 430-433.
Minka SN, Ayo JO: Hydration state of goats transported by road for 12 hours during the hot-dry conditions and the modulating role of ascorbic acid. J Appl Anim Welf Sci. 2012, 15: 272-288. 10.1080/10888705.2012.683993.
Wernicki A, Urban-Chmiel R, Kankofer M, Mikucki P, Puchalski A, Tokarzewski S: Evaluation of plasma cortisol and TBARS levels in calves after short-term transportation. Revue Méd Vét. 2006, 157: 30-34.
Ghiselli A, Serafini M, Natella F, Scaccini C: Total antioxidant capacity as a tool to assess redox status: critical view and experimental data. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000, 29: 1106-1114. 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00394-4.
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM: The definition and measurement of antioxidants in biological systems. Free Radic Biol Med. 1995, 18: 125-126. 10.1016/0891-5849(95)91457-3.
Bartosz G: Non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity assays: limitations of use in biomedicine. Free Radic Res. 2010, 44: 711-720. 10.3109/10715761003758114.
Onmaz AC, Van Den Hoven R, Gunes V, Cinar M, Kucuk O: Oxidative stress in horses after a 12-hours transport period. Revue Méd Vét. 2011, 162: 213-217.
Benzie IF, Strain JJ: The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem. 1996, 239: 70-76. 10.1006/abio.1996.0292.
Fazio E, Medica P, Cravana C, Giacoppo E, Ferlazzo A: Physiological variables of horses after road transport. Anim. 2009, 3: 1313-1318. 10.1017/S1751731109004777.
Schmidt A, Hödl S, Möstl E, Aurich J, Müller J, Aurich C: Cortisol release, heart rate, and heart rate variability in transport-naive horses during repeated road transport. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2010, 39: 205-213. 10.1016/j.domaniend.2010.06.002.
Leadon D, Waran N, Herholz C, Klay M: Veterinary management of horse transport. Vet Ital. 2008, 44: 149-163.
Friend TH: Dehydration, stress, and water consumption of horses during long-distance commercial transport. J Anim Sci. 2000, 78: 2568-2580.
Proops L, Burden F, Osthaus B: Social relations in a mixed group of mules, ponies and donkeys reflect differences in equid type. Behav Processes. 2012, 90: 337-342. 10.1016/j.beproc.2012.03.012.
Niedźwiedź A, Zawadzki M, Filipowski H, Nicpoń J: Influence of 8-hour road transportation on selected physiological parameters in horses. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 2012, 56: 193-197.
Cywinska A, Witkowski L, Szarska E, Schollenberger A, Winnicka A: Serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration after training sessions in Arabian race and endurance horses. BMC Vet Res. 2013, 9: 91-10.1186/1746-6148-9-91.