Plant constituents and thyroid: A revision of the main phytochemicals that interfere with thyroid function

Food and Chemical Toxicology - Tập 152 - Trang 112158 - 2021
Giulia Di Dalmazi1,2, Cesidio Giuliani1
1Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) and Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti‐Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
2Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Translational Medicine PhD Program, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti‐Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy

Tài liệu tham khảo

Abdelaleem, 2018, Possible protective effect of curcumin on the thyroid gland changes induced by sodium fluoride in albino rats: light and electron microscopic study, Endocr. Regul., 52, 59, 10.2478/enr-2018-0007 Agerbirk, 2015, Derivatization of isothiocyanates and their reactive adducts for chromatographic analysis, Phytochemistry, 118, 109, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.06.004 Alasvand, 2019, Antiangiogenic effect of alkaloids, Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2019, 9475908, 10.1155/2019/9475908 Amalraj, 2017, Biological activities of curcuminoids, other biomolecules from turmeric and their derivatives - a review, J Tradit Complement Med, 7, 205, 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.05.005 Andersen, 2013, Thyroglobulin in smoking mothers and their newborns at delivery suggests autoregulation of placental iodide transport overcoming thiocyanate inhibition, Eur. J. Endocrinol., 168, 723, 10.1530/EJE-12-0759 Andres, 2018, Safety aspects of the use of quercetin as a dietary supplement, Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 62, 10.1002/mnfr.201700447 Asa, 1999, Molecular determinants of pituitary cytodifferentiation, Pituitary, 1, 159, 10.1023/A:1009948813587 Auf'mkolk, 1985, The active principles of plant extracts with antithyrotropic activity: oxidation products of derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, Endocrinology, 116, 1677, 10.1210/endo-116-5-1677 Barba, 2016, Bioavailability of glucosinolates and their breakdown products: impact of processing, Front Nutr, 3, 24, 10.3389/fnut.2016.00024 Benarous, 2020, Novel potent natural peroxidases inhibitors with in vitro assays, inhibition mechanism and molecular docking of phenolic compounds and alkaloids, J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn., 1, 10.1080/07391102.2020.1842247 Benvenga, 2020, Nutraceuticals in thyroidology: a review of in vitro, and in vivo animal studies, Nutrients, 12, 10.3390/nu12051337 Bianco, 2014, American Thyroid Association Guide to investigating thyroid hormone economy and action in rodent and cell models, Thyroid, 24, 88, 10.1089/thy.2013.0109 Blažević, 2020, Glucosinolate structural diversity, identification, chemical synthesis and metabolism in plants, Phytochemistry, 169, 112100, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112100 Bondonno, 2016, Acute effects of quercetin-3-O-glucoside on endothelial function and blood pressure: a randomized dose-response study, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 104, 97, 10.3945/ajcn.116.131268 Böttner, 2006, Effects of long-term treatment with resveratrol and subcutaneous and oral estradiol administration on the pituitary-thyroid-axis, Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes, 114, 82, 10.1055/s-2006-923888 Bourdoux, 1978, Evidence that cassava ingestion increases thiocyanate formation: a possible etiologic factor in endemic goiter, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 46, 613, 10.1210/jcem-46-4-613 Brauer, 2006, The role of thiocyanate in the etiology of goiter in an industrial metropolitan area, Eur. J. Endocrinol., 154, 229, 10.1530/eje.1.02076 Braverman, 2005, The effect of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate on thyroid function in workers exposed to perchlorate long-term, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 90, 700, 10.1210/jc.2004-1821 Bunker, 2019, Curcumin restores hepatic epigenetic changes in propylthiouracil(PTU)Induced hypothyroid male rats: a study on DNMTs, MBDs, GADD45a, C/EBP-β and PCNA, Food Chem. Toxicol., 123, 169, 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.050 Carlsson, 1999, Metabolic fates in humans of linamarin in cassava flour ingested as stiff porridge, Food Chem. Toxicol., 37, 307, 10.1016/S0278-6915(99)00015-0 Caturegli, 2012, Anatabine ameliorates experimental autoimmune thyroiditis, Endocrinology, 153, 4580, 10.1210/en.2012-1452 Chandra, 2013, Catechin induced modulation in the activities of thyroid hormone synthesizing enzymes leading to hypothyroidism, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 374, 37, 10.1007/s11010-012-1503-8 Chandra, 2013, Role of bamboo-shoot in the pathogenesis of endemic goiter in Manipur, north East India, Endocr. Pract., 19, 36, 10.4158/EP12162.OR Chang, 2000, Dietary genistein inactivates rat thyroid peroxidase in vivo without an apparent hypothyroid effect, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 168, 244, 10.1006/taap.2000.9019 Chartoumpekis, 2019, Broccoli sprout beverage is safe for thyroid hormonal and autoimmune status: results of a 12-week randomized trial, Food Chem. Toxicol., 126, 1, 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.004 Cheng, 2010, Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone actions, Endocr. Rev., 31, 139, 10.1210/er.2009-0007 Cheserek, 2016, Cardioprotective effects of lipoic acid, quercetin and resveratrol on oxidative stress related to thyroid hormone alterations in long-term obesity, J. Nutr. Biochem., 33, 36, 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.02.008 Chu, 2010, Myxedema coma induced by ingestion of raw bok choy, N. Engl. J. Med., 362, 1945, 10.1056/NEJMc0911005 Colin, 2013, Recent insights into the cell biology of thyroid angiofollicular units, Endocr. Rev., 34, 209, 10.1210/er.2012-1015 Colzani, 1998, The effect of nicotine on thyroid function in rats, Metabolism, 47, 154, 10.1016/S0026-0495(98)90212-8 Coman, 2020, Hydroxycinnamic acids and human health: recent advances, J. Sci. Food Agric., 100, 483, 10.1002/jsfa.10010 Concilio, 2020, Inter-species variation in monovalent anion substrate selectivity and inhibitor sensitivity in the sodium iodide symporter (NIS), PloS One, 15, 10.1371/journal.pone.0229085 Cooper, 2005, Antithyroid drugs, N. Engl. J. Med., 352, 905, 10.1056/NEJMra042972 da-Silva, 2007, The small polyphenolic molecule kaempferol increases cellular energy expenditure and thyroid hormone activation, Diabetes, 56, 767, 10.2337/db06-1488 Dasgupta, 2017, Arecoline aggravates hypothyroidism in metabolic stress in mice, Arch. Physiol. Biochem., 123, 105, 10.1080/13813455.2016.1267228 Dasgupta, 2010, Ultrastructural and hormonal modulations of the thyroid gland following arecoline treatment in albino mice, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 319, 1, 10.1016/j.mce.2010.01.005 Dasgupta, 2018, Arecoline ameliorates hyperthyroid condition in mice under cold stress, Arch. Physiol. Biochem., 124, 436, 10.1080/13813455.2017.1420665 de Oliveira, 2011, Neonatal hypothyroidism caused by maternal nicotine exposure is reversed by higher T3 transfer by milk after nicotine withdraw, Food Chem. Toxicol., 49, 2068, 10.1016/j.fct.2011.04.040 de Souza Dos Santos, 2011, Impact of flavonoids on thyroid function, Food Chem. Toxicol., 49, 2495, 10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.074 Dihal, 2006, Quercetin, but not its glycosidated conjugate rutin, inhibits azoxymethane-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in F344 rats, J. Nutr., 136, 2862, 10.1093/jn/136.11.2862 Divi, 1997, Anti-thyroid isoflavones from soybean: isolation, characterization, and mechanisms of action, Biochem. Pharmacol., 54, 1087, 10.1016/S0006-2952(97)00301-8 Divi, 1996, Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase by dietary flavonoids, Chem. Res. Toxicol., 9, 16, 10.1021/tx950076m Dudhatra, 2012, A comprehensive review on pharmacotherapeutics of herbal bioenhancers, ScientificWorldJournal, 2012, 637953, 10.1100/2012/637953 Durazzo, 2018, Dietary lignans: definition, description and research trends in databases development, Molecules, 23, 10.3390/molecules23123251 Erdogan, 2003, Thiocyanate overload and thyroid disease, Biofactors, 19, 107, 10.1002/biof.5520190302 Erlund, 2006, Bioavailability of quercetin from berries and the diet, Nutr. Canc., 54, 13, 10.1207/s15327914nc5401_3 Fan, 2020, Pharmacokinetic characterization of (Poly)phenolic metabolites in human plasma and urine after acute and short-term daily consumption of mango pulp, Molecules, 25, 10.3390/molecules25235522 Felker, 2016, Concentrations of thiocyanate and goitrin in human plasma, their precursor concentrations in brassica vegetables, and associated potential risk for hypothyroidism, Nutr. Rev., 74, 248, 10.1093/nutrit/nuv110 Ferreira, 2002, Inhibition of thyroid type 1 deiodinase activity by flavonoids, Food Chem. Toxicol., 40, 913, 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00064-9 Ferreira, 2006, Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase by Myrcia uniflora flavonoids, Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 351, 10.1021/tx0501684 Filipović, 2018, The phytoestrogen genistein prevents trabecular bone loss and affects thyroid follicular cells in a male rat model of osteoporosis, J. Anat., 233, 204, 10.1111/joa.12828 Fukayama, 1992, Examination of antithyroid effects of smoking products in cultured thyroid follicles: only thiocyanate is a potent antithyroid agent, Acta Endocrinol., 127, 520, 10.1530/acta.0.1270520 Gaitan, 1990, Goitrogens in food and water, Annu. Rev. Nutr., 10, 21, 10.1146/annurev.nu.10.070190.000321 Gaitan, 1995, Antithyroid effects in vivo and in vitro of vitexin: a C-glucosylflavone in millet, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 80, 1144 Gaitan, 1989, Antithyroid and goitrogenic effects of millet: role of C-glycosylflavones, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 68, 707, 10.1210/jcem-68-4-707 Ge, 2015, Resveratrol improved the spatial learning and memory in subclinical hypothyroidism rat induced by hemi-thyroid electrocauterization, Endocr. J., 62, 927, 10.1507/endocrj.EJ15-0253 Ge, 2016, Resveratrol ameliorates the anxiety- and depression-like behavior of subclinical hypothyroidism rat: possible involvement of the HPT Axis, HPA Axis, and wnt/β-catenin pathway, Front. Endocrinol., 7, 44, 10.3389/fendo.2016.00044 Giuliani, 2019, The flavonoid quercetin induces AP-1 activation in FRTL-5 thyroid cells, Antioxidants, 8, 10.3390/antiox8050112 Giuliani, 2014, Resveratrol inhibits sodium/iodide symporter gene expression and function in rat thyroid cells, PloS One, 9, 10.1371/journal.pone.0107936 Giuliani, 2014, The flavonoid quercetin inhibits thyroid-restricted genes expression and thyroid function, Food Chem. Toxicol., 66, 23, 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.016 Giuliani, 2017, Resveratrol has anti-thyroid effects both in vitro and in vivo, Food Chem. Toxicol., 107, 237, 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.044 Giuliani, 2008, The flavonoid quercetin regulates growth and gene expression in rat FRTL-5 thyroid cells, Endocrinology, 149, 84, 10.1210/en.2007-0618 Gonçalves, 2013, Flavonoid rutin increases thyroid iodide uptake in rats, PloS One, 8 Gonçalves, 2017, Flavonoids, thyroid iodide uptake and thyroid cancer-A review, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18, 10.3390/ijms18061247 Gonçalves, 2018, Rutin scavenges reactive oxygen species, inactivates 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, and increases sodium-iodide symporter expression in thyroid PCCL3 cells, Thyroid, 28, 265, 10.1089/thy.2016.0585 Grabska-Kobylecka, 2020, The presence of caffeic acid in cerebrospinal fluid: evidence that dietary polyphenols can cross the blood-brain barrier in humans, Nutrients, 12, 10.3390/nu12051531 Gramec Skledar, 2019, Evaluation of endocrine activities of ellagic acid and urolithins using reporter gene assays, Chemosphere, 220, 706, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.185 Gupta, 2013, Curcumin, a component of turmeric: from farm to pharmacy, Biofactors, 39, 2, 10.1002/biof.1079 Habza-Kowalska, 2019, Mechanism of action and interactions between thyroid peroxidase and lipoxygenase inhibitors derived from plant sources, Biomolecules, 9, 10.3390/biom9110663 Habza-Kowalska, 2019, Thyroid peroxidase activity is inhibited by phenolic compounds-impact of interaction, Molecules, 24, 10.3390/molecules24152766 Henning, 2020, Prospective randomized trial evaluating blood and prostate tissue concentrations of green tea polyphenols and quercetin in men with prostate cancer, Food Funct, 11, 4114, 10.1039/D0FO00565G Horn-Ross, 2002, Phytoestrogens and thyroid cancer risk: the San Francisco Bay Area thyroid cancer study, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 11, 43 Hosseinzade, 2019, Immunomodulatory effects of flavonoids: possible induction of T CD4+ regulatory cells through suppression of mTOR pathway signaling activity, Front. Immunol., 10, 51, 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00051 Hsieh, 2013, Rutin (quercetin rutinoside) induced protein-energy malnutrition in chronic kidney disease, but quercetin acted beneficially, J. Agric. Food Chem., 61, 7258, 10.1021/jf304595p Hüser, 2018, Effects of isoflavones on breast tissue and the thyroid hormone system in humans: a comprehensive safety evaluation, Arch. Toxicol., 92, 2703, 10.1007/s00204-018-2279-8 Hydovitz, 1960, Occurrence of goiter in an infant on a soy diet, N. Engl. J. Med., 262, 351, 10.1056/NEJM196002182620707 Ishizuki, 1991, [The effects on the thyroid gland of soybeans administered experimentally in healthy subjects], Nihon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi, 67, 622 Khan, 2020, Therapeutic potential of alkaloids in autoimmune diseases: promising candidates for clinical trials, Phytother Res. Khelifi-Touhami, 2003, Goitrogenic activity of p-coumaric acid in rats, J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol., 17, 324, 10.1002/jbt.10094 Konde, 1994, Goitrous endemic in Guinea, Lancet, 344, 1675, 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90461-8 Kumar, 2019, Phenolic acids: natural versatile molecules with promising therapeutic applications, Biotechnol Rep (Amst), 24 Lakshmanan, 2014, Apigenin in combination with Akt inhibition significantly enhances thyrotropin-stimulated radioiodide accumulation in thyroid cells, Thyroid, 24, 878, 10.1089/thy.2013.0614 Langer, 1966, Antithyroid action in rats of small doses of some naturally occurring compounds, Endocrinology, 79, 1117, 10.1210/endo-79-6-1117 Larson, 2012, Acute, quercetin-induced reductions in blood pressure in hypertensive individuals are not secondary to lower plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or endothelin-1: nitric oxide, Nutr. Res., 32, 557, 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.06.018 Laurberg, 2002, Thiocyanate in food and iodine in milk: from domestic animal feeding to improved understanding of cretinism, Thyroid, 12, 897, 10.1089/105072502761016520 Laurberg, 2004, Iodine nutrition in breast-fed infants is impaired by maternal smoking, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 89, 181, 10.1210/jc.2003-030829 Leach, 2015, Withdrawal from chronic nicotine reduces thyroid hormone levels and levothyroxine treatment ameliorates nicotine withdrawal-induced deficits in hippocampus-dependent learning in C57bl/6J mice, Nicotine Tob. Res., 17, 690, 10.1093/ntr/ntu229 Lee, 2016, Plasma concentrations of coffee polyphenols and plasma biomarkers of diabetes risk in healthy Japanese women, Nutr. Diabetes, 6, e212, 10.1038/nutd.2016.19 Lisboa, 2015, Effects of maternal nicotine exposure on thyroid hormone metabolism and function in adult rat progeny, J. Endocrinol., 224, 315, 10.1530/JOE-14-0473 Lončar, 2020, Coumarins in food and methods of their determination, Foods, 9, 10.3390/foods9050645 Long, 2019, Bioavailability and bioactivity of free ellagic acid compared to pomegranate juice, Food Funct, 10, 6582, 10.1039/C9FO01683J Lundquist, 1995, An improved method for determination of thiocyanate in plasma and urine, Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem., 33, 343 Manach, 2004, Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 79, 727, 10.1093/ajcn/79.5.727 Manach, 2005, Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 81, 230s, 10.1093/ajcn/81.1.230S Matsuura, 2015, Plant alkaloids: main features, toxicity, and mechanisms of action, Plant toxins, 1 Melrose, 2019, The glucosinolates: a sulphur glucoside family of mustard anti-tumour and antimicrobial phytochemicals of potential therapeutic application, Biomedicines, 7, 10.3390/biomedicines7030062 Messina, 2006, Effects of soy protein and soybean isoflavones on thyroid function in healthy adults and hypothyroid patients: a review of the relevant literature, Thyroid, 16, 249, 10.1089/thy.2006.16.249 Miler, 2017, Citrus flavanones mildly interfere with pituitary-thyroid axis in old-aged male rats, Acta Histochem., 119, 292, 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.02.005 Mondal, 2019, Alkaloids for cancer prevention and therapy: current progress and future perspectives, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 858, 172472, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172472 Montané, 2020, Current perspectives of the applications of polyphenols and flavonoids in cancer therapy, Molecules, 25, 10.3390/molecules25153342 Moreno-Reyes, 1993, Endemic juvenile hypothyroidism in a severe endemic goitre area of Sudan, Clin. Endocrinol., 38, 19, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1993.tb00967.x Moudgal, 1958, Studies on goitrogenic agents in food. III. Goitrogenic action of some glycosides isolated from edible nuts, J. Nutr., 66, 291, 10.1093/jn/66.2.291 Nair, 2016, A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human, J. Basic Clin. Pharm., 7, 27, 10.4103/0976-0105.177703 Ockene, 1987, Does switching from cigarettes to pipes or cigars reduce tobacco smoke exposure?, Am. J. Publ. Health, 77, 1412, 10.2105/AJPH.77.11.1412 Ogungbe, 2014, (-) Arctigenin and (+) pinoresinol are antagonists of the human thyroid hormone receptor β, J. Chem. Inf. Model., 54, 3051, 10.1021/ci500537e Oliveira, 2009, Short- and long-term effects of maternal nicotine exposure during lactation on body adiposity, lipid profile, and thyroid function of rat offspring, J. Endocrinol., 202, 397, 10.1677/JOE-09-0020 Oluwole, 2002, Low prevalence of ataxic polyneuropathy in a community with high exposure to cyanide from cassava foods, J. Neurol., 249, 1034, 10.1007/s00415-002-0779-0 Panda, 2017, New insights into therapeutic activity and anticancer properties of curcumin, J. Exp. Pharmacol., 9, 31, 10.2147/JEP.S70568 Panda, 2003, Piperine lowers the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, glucose and hepatic 5'D activity in adult male mice, Horm. Metab. Res., 35, 523, 10.1055/s-2003-42652 Panda, 2007, Amelioration of L-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism by coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) in female rats, Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 34, 1217, 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04701.x Panda, 2007, Annona squamosa seed extract in the regulation of hyperthyroidism and lipid-peroxidation in mice: possible involvement of quercetin, Phytomedicine, 14, 799, 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.12.001 Panda, 2007, Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) regulates hyperglycaemia, thyroid dysfunction and lipid peroxidation in alloxan-induced diabetic mice, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 59, 1543, 10.1211/jpp.59.11.0012 Panda, 2014, Antithyroid effects of naringin, hesperidin and rutin in l-T4 induced hyperthyroid rats: possible mediation through 5'DI activity, Pharmacol. Rep., 66, 1092, 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.07.002 Papiez, 2008, Age-dependent different action of curcumin in thyroid of rat, Folia Histochem. Cytobiol., 46, 205, 10.2478/v10042-008-0031-6 Pecyna, 2020, More than resveratrol: new insights into stilbene-based compounds, Biomolecules, 10, 10.3390/biom10081111 Pérez-Jiménez, 2011, Dietary intake of 337 polyphenols in French adults, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 93, 1220, 10.3945/ajcn.110.007096 Piantelli, 2006, Flavonoids inhibit melanoma lung metastasis by impairing tumor cells endothelium interactions, J. Cell. Physiol., 207, 23, 10.1002/jcp.20510 Pistollato, 2019, Effects of phytochemicals on thyroid function and their possible role in thyroid disease, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1443, 3, 10.1111/nyas.13980 Portulano, 2014, The Na+/I- symporter (NIS): mechanism and medical impact, Endocr. Rev., 35, 106, 10.1210/er.2012-1036 Quideau, 2011, Plant polyphenols: chemical properties, biological activities, and synthesis, Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 50, 586, 10.1002/anie.201000044 Radović, 2006, Genistein and other soya isoflavones are potent ligands for transthyretin in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, Br. J. Nutr., 95, 1171, 10.1079/BJN20061779 Rauf, 2018, Resveratrol as an anti-cancer agent: a review, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 58, 1428, 10.1080/10408398.2016.1263597 Renko, 2015, An improved nonradioactive screening method identifies genistein and xanthohumol as potent inhibitors of iodothyronine deiodinases, Thyroid, 25, 962, 10.1089/thy.2015.0058 Rodríguez-García, 2019, Naturally lignan-rich foods: a dietary tool for health promotion?, Molecules, 24, 10.3390/molecules24050917 Santhakumar, 2018, Dietary polyphenols: structures, bioavailability and protective effects against atherosclerosis, Food Chem. Toxicol., 113, 49, 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.022 Saric, 2016, Polyphenols and sunburn, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17, 10.3390/ijms17091521 Sarkar, 2014, Ameliorative effect of resveratrol against fluoride-induced alteration of thyroid function in male wistar rats, Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 162, 278, 10.1007/s12011-014-0108-3 Sartelet, 1996, Flavonoids extracted from fonio millet (Digitaria exilis) reveal potent antithyroid properties, Nutrition, 12, 100, 10.1016/0899-9007(96)90707-8 Sathyapalan, 2011, The effect of soy phytoestrogen supplementation on thyroid status and cardiovascular risk markers in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 96, 1442, 10.1210/jc.2010-2255 Schmeltz, 2014, Anatabine supplementation decreases thyroglobulin antibodies in patients with chronic lymphocytic autoimmune (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis: a randomized controlled clinical trial, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 99, E137, 10.1210/jc.2013-2951 Sebai, 2010, Resveratrol increases iodide trapping in the rat thyroid cell line FRTL-5, Thyroid, 20, 195, 10.1089/thy.2009.0171 Shaito, 2020, Potential adverse effects of resveratrol: a literature review, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21, 10.3390/ijms21062084 Sharifi-Rad, 2020, Plant natural products with anti-thyroid cancer activity, Fitoterapia, 146, 104640, 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104640 Sheleg, 2011, A coincidence of addiction to "Kratom" and severe primary hypothyroidism, J. Addiction Med., 5, 300, 10.1097/ADM.0b013e318221fbfa Sosić-Jurjević, 2010, Suppressive effects of genistein and daidzein on pituitary-thyroid axis in orchidectomized middle-aged rats, Exp. Biol. Med., 235, 590, 10.1258/ebm.2009.009279 Šošić-Jurjević, 2014, Soy isoflavones interfere with thyroid hormone homeostasis in orchidectomized middle-aged rats, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 278, 124, 10.1016/j.taap.2014.04.018 Stringlis, 2019, The age of coumarins in plant-microbe interactions, Plant Cell Physiol., 60, 1405, 10.1093/pcp/pcz076 Subudhi, 2012, Curcumin and vitamin E modulate hepatic antioxidant gene expression in PTU-induced hypothyroid rats, Mol. Biol. Rep., 39, 9849, 10.1007/s11033-012-1851-1 Subudhi, 2008, Alleviation of enhanced oxidative stress and oxygen consumption of L-thyroxine induced hyperthyroid rat liver mitochondria by vitamin E and curcumin, Chem. Biol. Interact., 173, 105, 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.02.005 Thakran, 2013, Role of sirtuin 1 in the regulation of hepatic gene expression by thyroid hormone, J. Biol. Chem., 288, 807, 10.1074/jbc.M112.437970 Thawabteh, 2019, The biological activity of natural alkaloids against herbivores, cancerous cells and pathogens, Toxins, 11, 656, 10.3390/toxins11110656 Valanciene, 2020, Advances and prospects of phenolic acids production, biorefinery and analysis, Biomolecules, 10, 10.3390/biom10060874 Volgin, 2019, DARK classics in chemical neuroscience: arecoline, ACS Chem. Neurosci., 10, 2176, 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00711 Willemin, 2016, Development of a PBPK model of thiocyanate in rats with an extrapolation to humans: a computational study to quantify the mechanism of action of thiocyanate kinetics in thyroid, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 307, 19, 10.1016/j.taap.2016.07.011 Willemin, 2019, Characterization of the modes of action and dose-response relationship for thiocyanate on the thyroid hormone levels in rats using a computational approach, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 365, 84, 10.1016/j.taap.2019.01.007 Williamson, 2005, Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. II. Review of 93 intervention studies, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 81, 243s, 10.1093/ajcn/81.1.243S Wolff, 1946, The disturbance in iodine metabolism produced by thiocyanate; the mechanism of its goitrogenic action with radioactive iodine as indicator, Endocrinology, 39, 140, 10.1210/endo-39-2-140 Xia, 2019, Myricetin alleviated hepatic steatosis by acting on microRNA-146b/thyroid hormone receptor b pathway in high-fat diet fed C57BL/6J mice, Food Funct, 10, 1465, 10.1039/C8FO01452C Zaynab, 2018, Role of secondary metabolites in plant defense against pathogens, Microb. Pathog., 124, 198, 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.034