Plant and animal functional diversity drive mutualistic network assembly across an elevational gradient

Nature Communications - Tập 9 Số 1
Jörg Albrecht1, Alice Claßen2, Maximilian G. R. Vollstädt1, Antonia V. Mayr2, Neduvoto P. Mollel3, David Schellenberger Costa4, Hamadi I. Dulle1, Markus Fischer1, Andreas Hemp5, Kim M. Howell6, Michael Kleyer4, Thomas Nauß7, Marcell K. Peters2, Marco Tschapka8, Ingolf Steffan‐Dewenter2, Katrin Böhning‐Gaese9, Matthias Schleuning1
1Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage, 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
2Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
3Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern 3013, Switzerland
4Landscape Ecology Group, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Straße 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
5Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
6Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar-es-Salaam, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
7Environmental Informatics, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstraße 12, 35032, Marburg, Germany
8Institute for Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89069, Ulm, Germany
9Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Biologicum, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60439, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tóm tắt

AbstractSpecies’ functional traits set the blueprint for pair-wise interactions in ecological networks. Yet, it is unknown to what extent the functional diversity of plant and animal communities controls network assembly along environmental gradients in real-world ecosystems. Here we address this question with a unique dataset of mutualistic bird–fruit, bird–flower and insect–flower interaction networks and associated functional traits of 200 plant and 282 animal species sampled along broad climate and land-use gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro. We show that plant functional diversity is mainly limited by precipitation, while animal functional diversity is primarily limited by temperature. Furthermore, shifts in plant and animal functional diversity along the elevational gradient control the niche breadth and partitioning of the respective other trophic level. These findings reveal that climatic constraints on the functional diversity of either plants or animals determine the relative importance of bottom-up and top-down control in plant–animal interaction networks.

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