Placental growth factor and its potential role in diabetic retinopathy and other ocular neovascular diseases

Acta Ophthalmologica - Tập 96 Số 1 - 2018
Quan Dong Nguyen1, Sandro De Falco2, Francine Béhar‐Cohen3,3, Wai‐Ching Lam4, Xuri Li5, Nadine Reichhart6, Federico Ricci7, Jennifer Pluim8, William W. Li9
1Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
2Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-CNR, Naples, Italy
3Department of Ophthalmology of University of Lausanne Jules Gonin Hospital Asylum Foundation for the Blind Lausanne Switzerland
4Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
5State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun-Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China
6Experimental Ophthalmology Eye Clinic Charité Medical University Berlin Germany
7UOSD Retinal Diseases Foundation PTV 'Polyclinic Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
8Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, New Jersey, USA
9The Angiogenesis Foundation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractThe role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), including in retinal vascular diseases, has been well studied, and pharmacological blockade of VEGF is the gold standard of treatment for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion and diabetic macular oedema. Placental growth factor (PGF, previously known as PlGF), a homologue of VEGF, is a multifunctional peptide associated with angiogenesis‐dependent pathologies in the eye and non‐ocular conditions. Animal studies using genetic modification and pharmacological treatment have demonstrated a mechanistic role for PGF in pathological angiogenesis. Inhibition decreases neovascularization and microvascular abnormalities across different models, including oxygen‐induced retinopathy, laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization and in diabetic mice exhibiting retinopathies. High levels of PGF have been found in the vitreous of patients with diabetic retinopathy. Despite these strong animal data, the exact role of PGF in pathological angiogenesis in retinal vascular diseases remains to be defined, and the benefits of PGF‐specific inhibition in humans with retinal neovascular diseases and macular oedema remain controversial. Comparative effectiveness research studies in patients with diabetic retinal disease have shown that treatment that inhibits both VEGF and PGF may provide superior outcomes in certain patients compared with treatment that inhibits only VEGF. This review summarizes current knowledge of PGF, including its relationship to VEGF and its role in pathological angiogenesis in retinal diseases, and identifies some key unanswered questions about PGF that can serve as a pathway for future basic, translational and clinical research.

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Acta Ophthalmologica

Tập 96 Số 1

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