Pilocytic Astrocytoma

Journal of Child Neurology - Tập 28 Số 5 - Trang 625-632 - 2013
Zsila Sadighi1, John M. Slopis2
1St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

Tóm tắt

Pilocytic astrocytoma, the most common pediatric brain tumor, is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous disease that occurs most often in the cerebellum and hypothalamic and chiasmatic regions. Classically, pilocytic astrocytomas are driven by the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. Recently described genetic aberrations involving this pathway are critical for tumorigenesis. Tandem duplication of 7q34 encodes BRAF and produces several KIAA1549-BRAF novel oncogenic fusions. Activating point mutations of BRAF, such as BRAFV600E, also lead to pilocytic astrocytoma. Loss of the NF1 gene allows hyperactivation of the oncogene KRAS. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the novel molecular aberrations described in pilocytic astrocytomas and their clinical relevance for prognosis and treatment. The prognostic indications of these aberrations are discussed with regard to tumor location, tumor pathology, and patient age. A better understanding of the evolving molecular heterogeneity of pilocytic astrocytomas offers hope for developing molecularly targeted therapeutic armamentariums.

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Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of Child Neurology

Tập 28 Số 5

625-632

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