Pilocytic Astrocytoma: A Review of General, Clinical, and Molecular Characteristics

Journal of Child Neurology - Tập 35 Số 12 - Trang 852-858 - 2020
Débora Salles1,2, Gabriela Marini Laviola1,2, Andréa Cristina de Moraes Malinverni1,2, João Norberto Stávale1
1Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
2Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil

Tóm tắt

Pilocytic astrocytomas are the primary tumors most frequently found in children and adolescents, accounting for approximately 15.6% of all brain tumors and 5.4% of all gliomas. They are mostly found in infratentorial structures such as the cerebellum and in midline cerebral structures such as the optic nerve, hypothalamus, and brain stem. The present study aimed to list the main characteristics about this tumor, to better understand the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, and was conducted on search of the published studies available in NCBI, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scielo, and Google Scholar. It was possible to define the main histologic findings observed in these cases, such as mitoses, necrosis, and Rosenthal fibers. We described the locations usually most affected by tumor development, and this was associated with the most frequent clinical features. The comparison between the molecular diagnostic methods showed great use of fluorescent in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and reverse transcriptase–PCR, important techniques for the detection of BRAF V600E mutation and BRAF-KIAA1549 fusion, characteristic molecular alterations in pilocytic astrocytomas.

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Journal of Child Neurology

Tập 35 Số 12

852-858

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