Địa sinh vật học của hai loài tảo sống trong thủy triều, Gelidium lingulatum và G. rex (Rhodophyta: Gelidiales), dọc theo Tây Nam Thái Bình Dương: các mô hình được giải thích bởi sự phân tán bằng cách trôi nổi?

Marine Biology - Tập 164 - Trang 1-19 - 2017
Boris A. López1,2, Florence Tellier3,4, Juan C. Retamal-Alarcón3, Karla Pérez-Araneda3,4, Ariel O. Fierro3, Erasmo C. Macaya5,6,7, Fadia Tala8,9, Martin Thiel6,8,10
1Doctorado en Biología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
2Departamento de Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
3Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
4Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
5Laboratorio de Estudios Algales ALGALAB, Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
6Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile
7Centro FONDAP de Investigaciones en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
8Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
9Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas (CIDTA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
10Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile

Tóm tắt

Sự trôi nổi trên các loài tảo biển giúp phân bố các sinh vật liên quan, nhưng vẫn còn ít thông tin về cách thức trôi nổi ảnh hưởng đến cấu trúc di truyền của các loài tảo bám. Các nghiên cứu trước đây cho thấy sự hiện diện cao của tảo thuộc chi Gelidium gắn với tảo bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã phân tích các mẫu hình địa sinh vật học của Gelidium lingulatum (Kützing 1868) và G. rex (Santelices và Abbott 1985), các loài có phân bố một phần dọc theo bờ biển Chile (28°S–42°S). Tổng cộng có 319 cá thể từ G. lingulatum và 179 từ G. rex (tương ứng 20 và 11 địa điểm đáy biển) đã được phân tích bằng dấu hiệu ti thể (COI) và, đối với một tập hợp con, bằng dấu hiệu lục lạp (rbcL). Gelidium lingulatum cho thấy sự đa dạng di truyền cao hơn, nhưng cấu trúc di truyền của nó không theo một mô hình địa lý rõ ràng, trong khi G. rex có sự đa dạng di truyền thấp hơn với một cấu trúc di truyền nông và một ranh giới địa sinh học trùng với sự gián đoạn địa sinh vật học được mô tả cho khu vực này (29°S–33°S). Đối với G. lingulatum, không có sự cô lập theo khoảng cách được quan sát, trái ngược với G. rex. Mô hình địa sinh vật học của G. lingulatum có thể được giải thích chính bằng sự phân tán bằng cách trôi nổi như là một loài ký sinh của D. antarctica, mặc dù các cơ chế khác không thể bị loại trừ hoàn toàn (ví dụ: sự phân tán do tác động của con người). Mô hình tương phản quan sát thấy ở G. rex có thể được quy cho các yếu tố khác như phân bố thủy triều (tức là G. rex xuất hiện ở khu vực thấp hơn so với G. lingulatum) hoặc hiệu quả khác nhau của việc tuyển sinh sau khi phân tán xa. Nghiên cứu này cho thấy rằng sự phân tán bằng cách trôi nổi, kết hợp với phân bố thủy triều, có thể điều chỉnh các mẫu hình địa sinh vật học của các loài tảo.

Từ khóa

#trôi nổi #tảo biển #Gelidium #cấu trúc di truyền #phân bố thủy triều #phân tán

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