Phylogeny of snake trypanosomes inferred by SSU rDNA sequences, their possible transmission by phlebotomines, and taxonomic appraisal by molecular, cross-infection and morphological analysis

Parasitology - Tập 135 Số 5 - Trang 595-605 - 2008
Laerte B. Viola1, Marta Campaner1, Carmen S. A. Takata1, Renata C. Ferreira1, Alice Cristina Rodrigues1, Rilton Alves de Freitas2, Marcelo Ribeiro Duarte3, Kathleen Fernandes Grego3, Toby V. Barrett2, Erney P. Camargo1, M. M. G. TEIXEIRA1
1Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
2Grupo de Biologia Vetorial e Eco-epidemiologia de Trypanosomatidae na Amazônia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil
3Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

Tóm tắt

SUMMARYBlood examination by microhaematocrit and haemoculture of 459 snakes belonging to 37 species revealed 2·4% trypanosome prevalence in species of Viperidae (Crotalus durissusandBothrops jararaca) and Colubridae (Pseudoboa nigra). Trypanosome cultures fromC. durissusandP. nigrawere behaviourally and morphologically indistinguishable. In addition, the growth and morphological features of a trypanosome from the sand flyViannamyia tuberculatawere similar to those of snake isolates. Cross-infection experiments revealed a lack of host restriction, as snakes of 3 species were infected with the trypanosome fromC. durissus. Phylogeny based on ribosomal sequences revealed that snake trypanosomes clustered together with the sand fly trypanosome, forming a new phylogenetic lineage withinTrypanosomaclosest to a clade of lizard trypanosomes transmitted by sand flies†. The clade of trypanosomes from snakes and lizards suggests an association between the evolutionary histories of these trypanosomes and their squamate hosts. Moreover, data strongly indicated that these trypanosomes are transmitted by sand flies. The flaws of the current taxonomy of snake trypanosomes are discussed, and the need for molecular parameters to be adopted is emphasized. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular phylogenetic study of snake trypanosomes.

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Thông tin xuất bản

Parasitology

Tập 135 Số 5

595-605

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