Sebag J. Pharmacologic vitreolysis (Guest Editorial). Retina. 1998;18:1–3.
Sebag J. Is pharmacologic vitreolysis brewing? (Guest Editorial). Retina. 2002;22:1–3.
Sebag J. Molecular biology of pharmacologic vitreolysis. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2005;103:473–94.
Sebag J. Pharmacologic vitreolysis—premise and promise of the first decade (Guest Editorial). Retina. 2009;29:871–4.
Sebag J. The emerging role of pharmacologic vitreolysis. Retinal Physician. 2010;7(2):52–6.
Sebag J. Pharmacologic vitreolysis. In: Sebag J, editor. Vitreous in health and disease, chapter VI.A. New York: Springer; 2014.
Sebag J, Yee KMP. Vitreous—from biochemistry to clinical relevance. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, editors. Duane’s foundations of clinical ophthalmology, vol. 1, Ch 16. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007.
Crafoord S, Ghosh F, Sebag J. Vitreous biochemistry and artificial vitreous. In: Sebag J, editor. Vitreous—in health and disease, Ch I.F. New York: Springer; 2014.
Sebag J. Anomalous PVD—a unifying concept in vitreo-retinal diseases. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2004;242:690–8.
Sebag J. Vitreous anatomy, aging, and anomalous posterior vitreous detachment. In: Dartt, Besharse, Dana, editors. Encyclopedia of the eye. Oxford: Elsevier; 2010. pp. 307–315.
Steel DH, Lotery AJ. Idiopathic vitreomacular traction and macular hole: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Eye. 2013;27(1):212.
Gandorfer A, Rohleder M, Grosselfinger S, Haritoglou C, Ulbig M, Kampik A. Epiretinal pathology of diffuse diabetic macular edema associated with vitreomacular traction. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139(4):638–52.
Krebs I, Brannath W, Glittenberg K, Zeiler F, Sebag J, Binder S. Posterior vitreo-macular adhesion: a potential risk factor for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;144:741–6.
Robison C, Krebs I, Binder S, Barbazetto IA, Kostolis AI, Yannuzzi LA, Sadun AA, Sebag J. Vitreo-macular adhesion in active and end-stage age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;148:79–82.
Parel JMP. The history of vitrectomy. In: Sebag J, editor. Vitreous in health and disease, Ch V.B.1. New York: Springer; 2014.
Parel JMP, Sebag J. Recalling the development of vitreo-retinal therapeutics from vitrectomy to pharmacologic vitreolysis. Retina Times. 2014;32(3):22–6.
Tezel TH, Del Priore LH, Kaplan HJ: Pharmacologic vitreolysis with purified dispase (Vitreolysin™). In: Sebag J, editor. Vitreous—in health and disease, Ch VI.G. New York: Springer; 2014.
Liotta LA, Goldfarb RH, Brundage R. Effect of plasminogen activator (urokinase), plasmin, and thrombin on glycoprotein and collagenous components of basement membrane. Cancer Res. 1981;41(11):4629–36.
Kohno T, Sorgente N, Ishibashi T. Immunofluorescent studies of fibronectin and laminin in the human eye. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1987;28(3):506–14.
Kohno T, Sorgente N, Patterson R, Ryan SJ. Fibronectin and laminin distribution in bovine eye. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1983;27(3):496–505.
Russell SR, Shepherd JD, Hageman GS. Distribution of glycoconjugates in the human retinal internal limiting membrane. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991;32(7):1986–95.
Verstraeten TC, Chapman C, Hartzer M, Winkler BS, Trese MT, Williams GA. Pharmacologic induction of posterior vitreous detachment in the rabbit. Arch Ophthalmol. 1993;111(6):849–54.
Hikichi T, Yanagiya N, Kado M, Akiba J, Yoshida A. Posterior vitreous detachment induced by injection of plasmin and sulfur hexafluoride in the rabbit vitreous. Retina. 1999;19(1):55–8.
Kim NJ, Yu HG, Yu YS, Chung H. Long-term effect of plasmin on the vitreolysis in rabbit eyes. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2004;18(1):35–40.
Gandorfer A, Putz E, Welge-Lüßen U, Grüterich M, Ulbig M, Kampik A. Ultrastructure of the vitreoretinal interface following plasmin assisted vitrectomy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001;85(1):6–10.
Gandorfer A, Priglinger S, Schebitz K, et al. Vitreoretinal morphology of plasmin-treated human eyes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133(1):156–9.
Li X, Shi X, Fan J. Posterior vitreous detachment with plasmin in the isolated human eye. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2002;240(1):56–62.
Uemura A, Nakamura M, Kachi S, et al. Effect of plasmin on laminin and fibronectin during plasmin-assisted vitrectomy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123(2):209–13.
Plantner JJ, Smine A, Quinn TA. Matrix metalloproteinases and metalloproteinase inhibitors in human interphotoreceptor matrix and vitreous. Curr Eye Res. 1998;17(2):132–40.
Takano A, Hirata A, Inomata Y, Kawaji T, Nakagawa K, Nagata S, Tanihara H. Intravitreal plasmin injection activates endogenous matrix metalloproteinase-2 in rabbit and human vitreous. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(4):654–60.
Brown DJ, Bishop P, Hamdi H, Kenney MC. Cleavage of structural components of mammalian vitreous by endogenous matrix metalloproteinase-2. Curr Eye Res. 1996;15(4):439–45.
Monea S, Lehti K, Keski-Oja J, Mignatti P. Plasmin activates pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 with a membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase-dependent mechanism. J Cell Physiol. 2002;192(2):160–70.
Gandorfer A, Kampik A. Intravitreal plasmin injection activates endogenous matrix metalloproteinase-2 in rabbit and human vitreous. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;141(4):784–5.
Sivak JM, Fini ME. MMPs in the eye: emerging roles for matrix metalloproteinases in ocular physiology. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2002;21(1):1–14.
Staubach F, Nober V, Janknecht P. Enzyme-assisted vitrectomy in enucleated pig eyes: a comparison of hyaluronidase, chondroitinase, and plasmin. Curr Eye Res. 2004;29(4–5):261–8.
Hermel M, Prenner J, Alabdulrazza M, Dailey W, Hartzer M. Effect of intravitreal plasmin on vitreous removal through a 25-gauge cutting system in the rabbit in vivo. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009;247(3):331–4.
Sebag J, Ansari RR, Suh KI. Pharmacologic vitreolysis with microplasmin increases vitreous diffusion coefficients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2007;245(4):576–80.
Gandorfer A, Rohleder M, Sethi C, et al. Posterior vitreous detachment induced by microplasmin. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45(2):641–7.
De Smet MD, Valmaggia C, Zarranz-Ventura J, Willekens B. Microplasmin: ex vivo characterization of its activity in porcine vitreous. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50(2):814–9.
Sakuma T, Tanaka M, Mizota A, Inoue J, Pakola S. Safety of in vivo pharmacologic vitreolysis with recombinant microplasmin in rabbit eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46(9):3295–9.
Chen W, Huang X, Ma XW, Mo W, Wang WJ, Song HY. Enzymatic vitreolysis with recombinant microplasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator. Eye. 2008;22(2):300–7.
De Smet MD, Gandorfer A, Stalmans P, et al. Microplasmin intravitreal administration in patients with vitreomacular traction scheduled for vitrectomy: the MIVI-I trial. Ophthalmology. 2009;116(7):1349–55, 1355.e1341–2.
Stalmans P, Delaey C, de Smet MD, et al. Intravitreal injection of microplasmin for treatment of vitreomacular adhesion: results of a prospective, randomized, sham-controlled phase II trial (the MIVI-IIT trial). Retina. 2010;30(7):1122–7.
Benz MS, Packo KH, Gonzalez V, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of microplasmin intravitreous injection to facilitate posterior vitreous detachment before vitrectomy. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(4):791–7.
Stalmans P, Benz MS, Gandorfer A, et al. Enzymatic vitreolysis with Ocriplasmin for vitreomacular traction and macular holes. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(7):606–15.
Sebag J, Buckingham B, Charles MA, Reiser K. Biochemical abnormalities in vitreous of humans with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992;110:1472–9.
Sebag J. Abnormalities of human vitreous structure in diabetes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1993;231:257–60.
Sebag J. Diabetic Vitreopathy (Guest Editorial). Ophthalmology. 1996;103:205–6.
Sebag J. Vitreoschisis in diabetic macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(11):8455–6.
Novack RL, Staurenghi G, Girach A, Narendran N, Tolentino M. Safety of intravitreal Ocriplasmin for focal vitreo-macular adhesion in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2014. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.10.006.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Ocriplasmin for treating vitreomacular traction. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2013. p. 52 (Technology appraisal guidance; no. 297).
Stalmans P: Pharmacologic vitreolysis with ocriplasmin—clinical studies. In: Sebag J, editor. Vitreous—in health and disease, Ch VI.E.2. New York: Springer; 2014.
Tibbetts MD, Reichel E, Witkin AJ. Vision loss after intravitreal Ocriplasmin: correlation of spectral-domain coherence tomography and electroretinography. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014;132:487–90.
Fahim AT, Khan NW, Johnson MW. Acute panretinal structural and functional abnormalities after intravitreous Ocriplasmin injection. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014;132:484–6.
Kim JE. Safety and complications of ocriplasmin: ocriplasmin, ocriplasmin; oh, how safe art thou? JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014;132(4):379–80.
Singh RP, Li A, Bedi R, Srivastava S, Sears JE, Ehlers JP, et al. Anatomical and visual outcomes following ocriplasmin treatment for symptomatic vitreomacular traction syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;98:356–60.
Nudleman E, Ruby AAJ, Wolfe J. Ocriplasmin for vitreomacular adhesion: aftermarket experience and finding. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 (ARVO);55:E-Abstract 301.
Sebag J. The vitreous: structure, function, and pathobiology. New York: Springer; 1989.
Stallmans P. Pharmacologic vitreolysis with ocriplasmin: clinical studies. In: Sebag J, editor. Vitreous in health and disease. New York: Springer; 2014. p. 853–61.