Petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of the Palaeocene lateritic bauxite deposits of Kachchh Basin, Western India

Geological Journal - Tập 54 Số 4 - Trang 2588-2607 - 2019
Birendra P. Singh1, V. K. Srivastava2
1Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Institute of Science, B.H.U., Varanasi, India
2Sedimentology Division, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, India

Tóm tắt

Petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of a blanket‐type lateritic bauxite deposit, bordering the Deccan basalt in Kachchh, are investigated to interpret the parent rock, lateritization processes, and palaeogeographical position of the basin. The presence of partly weathered vesicular basalt at the base of the succession along with partly preserved plagioclase, augite, and hornblende in petrographical observations suggests the in situ nature of these bauxites. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals gibbsite as the major bauxitic mineral associated with kaolinite, goethite, titanium‐rich anatase, calcite, haematite, and quartz as subconstituents. The presence of gibbsite, kaolinite, and goethite in the majority suggests that warm and humid climatic conditions prevailed during the lateritic bauxite formation. SEM‐EDS analysis shows that most of the gibbsites are mesocrystalline with particle sizes 50–200 μm that coexists with microcrystalline goethite, kaolinite, rutile, and haematite. These deposits are classified as bauxite, ferruginous bauxite, and laterite, based on chemical composition. The high CIA values (86.6–98.1%) suggest their formation under high run‐off and water‐logged conditions similar to that which prevails in the equatorial region. The Zr–Cr–Ga ternary plot testifies to the mafic composition of the parent rock. The major oxides and chondrite‐normalized trace and REEs behaviours, (La/Sm)N ratio (~5.77), and Eu anomaly of these lateritic bauxites suggest that they (bauxites) were formed in situ by the intensive leaching and alteration of the basaltic parent rock, and the process of bauxitization followed the path of deferruginization and destruction of kaolinite. The development of a lateritic regolith over the Deccan basalt was possible during Palaeocene time when the Indian Plate was in complete isolation and the Kachchh region was positioned near the equator in the Southern Hemisphere.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Aleva G. J. J., 1994, Laterites: Concepts, geology, morphology and chemistry, 169

10.1016/0375-6742(93)90064-S

Bárdossy G., 1982, Karst bauxites, 441

Bárdossy G., 1990, Lateritic bauxite: Developments in economic geology, 369

Bárdossy G., 1995, A multivariate statistical and geostatistical study on the geochemistry of allochthonous karst bauxite deposits in Hungary, Natural Resources, 4, 138

Beauvais A., 1991, Palaeoclimats et dynamique d'un paysage cuirasee du Centrafreque. Morphologie, petrologie et geochimie

10.1007/BF00375292

Bhukte P. G., 2002, Geological and geomorphological features of bauxite deposits of western and coastal Maharashtra, their chemico‐mineralogical characteristics and possible utilization

Biswas S. K., 1982, Rift basins in western margin of India with special reference to hydrocarbon prospects, Bulletin American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 66, 1497

10.1016/0040-1951(87)90115-6

Biswas S. K., 1992, Tertiary stratigraphy of Kutch, Journal Paleontological Society of India, 37, 1

10.1007/BF00189190

10.1016/j.gexplo.2007.04.003

Calvo J. P., 1999, Authigenic clay minerals in continental evaporitic environment, Special Publication International Association of Sedimentology, 27, 129

10.1016/0016-7037(61)90087-4

10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0419:GTOMIR>2.3.CO;2

10.1016/j.gr.2012.07.001

10.1016/S0375-6742(96)00041-6

Courtillot V., 1999, Evolutionary catastrophes, 173

10.1029/90RG02372

Esmaily D., 2010, Petrography and geochemistry of the Jajarm karst bauxite ore deposit, NE Iran: Implications for source rock material and ore genesis, Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 19, 267

10.1016/0009-2541(78)90050-5

10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0363:POPMIA>2.3.CO;2

10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.08.024

Gow N. N., 1993, Bauxite, Geoscience Canada, 20, 9

10.1016/0375-6742(84)90085-2

10.1016/j.gsf.2010.06.001

Horbe A. M. C., 2006, Proceedings CRCLEME Regolith Symposium, 144

10.1007/s12594-012-0153-5

10.1016/j.chemer.2008.04.005

10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.08.027

10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0395:AEIACP>2.3.CO;2

10.1086/629677

10.1007/s001260050126

10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4

10.1086/648222

10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.07.014

10.1016/S0169-1368(02)00037-9

Mishra M., 1999, Significance of the Archean bimodal volcanics from the Ramgiri schist belt in the formation of eastern Dharwar Craton, Journal of the Geological Society of India, 54, 563

Mondillo N., 2011, Karst bauxites in the Campania Apennines (Southern Italy): A new approach, Period Mineral, 80, 407

10.1016/0009-2541(93)90184-K

10.1016/S0375-6742(96)00036-2

Mordberg L. E. &Spratt J.(1998).Alteration of zircons: The evidence of Zr mobility during bauxitic weathering. Goldschmidt Conference Toulouse 1021–1022.

10.1016/S0899-5362(03)00042-3

10.1038/299715a0

10.1029/JB084iB12p06803

10.2113/gsecongeo.68.3.353

10.1007/BF00204491

10.1007/s12517-013-0999-x

Paul D. K., 1969, Titanium in bauxite, Indian Minerals, 23, 23

10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.19

Rao J. J., 1981, Laterisation processes, 89

Saxena R. K., 1975, Lithostratigraphy of the Matanomadh Formation, Kachchh, India, The Palaeobotanist, 24, 261

10.1016/S0016-7061(01)00151-3

Schellmann W., 1986, On the geochemistry of laterites, Chemie der Erde, 45, 39

Schroll E., 1968, Beitrag zur Geochemie von Titan, Chrom, Nickel, Cobalt, Vanadium und Molyb din in bauxitischen Gesteinen und das Problem der stofflichen Herkunft des Aluminiums, Travaux du ICSOBA, 5, 83

10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.07.013

10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00540-5

Singh B. P., 2005, Is Jammu bauxite a reworked basalt derived bauxite?, Journal of the Geological Society of India, 66, 157

10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.09.030

10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.01042.x

Smith F. G., 1963, Physical geochemistry, 624

10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.01.009

10.1007/s13146-016-0293-6

Srivastava V. K., 2018, Depositional environments and sources for the middle Eocene Fulra Limestone Formation, Kachchh Basin, Western India: Evidences from facies analysis, mineralogy and geochemistry, Geological Journal, 1

10.1007/s13146-017-0398-6

10.1007/978-3-319-77443-5_6

Tardy Y., 1997, Petrology of laterites and tropical soils, 408

10.1080/08120090802438241

10.1098/rsta.1981.0119

Valeton I., 1972, Bauxites, 226

10.1029/95JB01585

10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.15

10.1016/0012-821X(95)00211-T

10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.06.007

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Geological Journal

Tập 54 Số 4

2588-2607

Thông tin tác giả