Perspectives, frontiers, and new horizons for plasma-based space electric propulsion

Physics of Plasmas - Tập 27 Số 2 - 2020
Igor Levchenko1, Shuyan Xu1, Stéphane Mazouffre2, Dan Lev, Daniela Pedrini, Dan M. Goebel3, Laurent Garrigues4, F. Taccogna5, Kateryna Bazaka1,6
1Nanyang Technological University [Singapour] (50 Nanyang Ave, Singapour 639798 - Singapore)
2ICARE - Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (1C, avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, CS 50060, 45071 - Orléans Cedex 2 - France)
3JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory (4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA - United States)
4LAPLACE-GREPHE - Groupe de Recherche Energétique, Plasmas et Hors Equilibre (118, route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 - France)
5CNR - National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Piazzale Aldo Moro, 7 - 00185 Roma - Italy)
6QUT - Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (Brisbanne 4001 Queensland Australia - Australia)

Tóm tắt

There are a number of pressing problems mankind is facing today that could, at least in part, be resolved by space systems. These include capabilities for fast and far-reaching telecommunication, surveying of resources and climate, and sustaining global information networks, to name but a few. Not surprisingly, increasing efforts are now devoted to building a strong near-Earth satellite infrastructure, with plans to extend the sphere of active life to orbital space and, later, to the Moon and Mars if not further. The realization of these aspirations demands novel and more efficient means of propulsion. At present, it is not only the heavy launch systems that are fully reliant on thermodynamic principles for propulsion. Satellites and spacecraft still widely use gas-based thrusters or chemical engines as their primary means of propulsion. Nonetheless, similar to other transportation systems where the use of electrical platforms has expanded rapidly, space propulsion technologies are also experiencing a shift toward electric thrusters that do not feature the many limitations intrinsic to the thermodynamic systems. Most importantly, electric and plasma thrusters have a theoretical capacity to deliver virtually any impulse, the latter being ultimately limited by the speed of light. Rapid progress in the field driven by consolidated efforts from industry and academia has brought all-electric space systems closer to reality, yet there are still obstacles that need addressing before we can take full advantage of this promising family of propulsion technologies. In this paper, we briefly outline the most recent successes in the development of plasma-based space propulsion systems and present our view of future trends, opportunities, and challenges in this rapidly growing field.

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2019

2019

2001, Parametric investigations of a nonconventional Hall thruster, Phys. Plasmas, 8, 2579, 10.1063/1.1355318

Cylindrical Hall thrusters

2010, Cylindrical Hall thrusters with permanent magnets, J. Appl. Phys., 108, 093307, 10.1063/1.3499694

2019, Plasma parameters and discharge characteristics of lab-based kryptonpropelled miniaturized Hall thruster, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., 28, 064003, 10.1088/1361-6595/ab07db

2013, Mission capability assessment of CubeSats using a miniature ion thruster, J. Spacecr. Rockets, 50, 1035, 10.2514/1.A32435

BUSEK Company, 2019

2014, Performance Characteristics of Micro-cathode Arc Thruster, J. Propul. Power, 30, 29, 10.2514/1.B34567

2012, Ion velocities in a micro-cathode arc thruster, Phys. Plasmas, 19, 063501, 10.1063/1.4725500

2009, Development of high-density helicon plasma sources and their applications, Phys. Plasmas, 16, 057104, 10.1063/1.3096787

2019, Optimization, test and diagnostics of miniaturized Hall thrusters, J. Vis. Exp., 144, e58466

2012, Measurement and modelling of a radiofrequency micro-thruster, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., 21, 022002, 10.1088/0963-0252/21/2/022002

2011, Qualifciation test series of the indium needle FEEP micro-propulsion system for LISA Pathfinder, Acta Astronaut., 69, 822, 10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.05.037

2018, From nanometre to millimetre: A range of capabilities for plasma-enabled surface functionalization and nanostructuring, Mater. Horiz., 5, 765, 10.1039/C8MH00326B

2017, Plasma under control: Advanced solutions and perspectives for plasma flux management in material treatment and nanosynthesis, Appl. Phys. Rev., 4, 041302, 10.1063/1.5007869

2016, Pattern formation and self-organization in plasmas interacting with surfaces, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 49, 393002, 10.1088/0022-3727/49/39/393002

2017, Unraveling atomic-level self-organization at the plasma-material interface, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 50, 283002, 10.1088/1361-6463/aa7506

2013, On the physical basis of self-organization, J. Mod. Phys., 4, 364, 10.4236/jmp.2013.43051

2018, Hierarchical multi-component inorganic metamaterials: Intrinsically driven self-assembly at nanoscale, Adv. Mater., 30, 1702226, 10.1002/adma.201702226

2018, Towards universal plasma-enabled platform for the advanced nanofabrication: Plasma physics level approach, Rev. Mod. Plasma Phys., 2, 4, 10.1007/s41614-018-0016-7

2019, Plasmonic platform based on nanoporous alumina membranes: Order control via self-assembly, J. Mater. Chem. A, 7, 9565, 10.1039/C8TA11374B

2001, World record flights of beam-riding rocket lightcraft—demonstration of “disruptive” propulsion technology

2014, An advanced optical system for laser ablation propulsion in space, Acta Astronaut., 96, 97, 10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.11.021

2011, Laser propulsion technology on KKS-1 microsatellite, Rev. Laser Eng., 39, 34, 10.2184/lsj.39.34

2006, A ns-pulse laser microthruster, AIP Conf. Proc., 830, 235, 10.1063/1.2203266

2006, Performance test results for the laser-powered microthruster, AIP Conf. Proc., 830, 224, 10.1063/1.2203265

2010, A review of laser ablation propulsion, AIP Conf. Proc., 1278, 710, 10.1063/1.3507164

2010, Laser-ablation propulsion, J. Propul. Power, 26, 609, 10.2514/1.43733

2013, The PEGASES gridded ion-ion thruster performance and predictions

2018, Spacecraft-plasma-debris interaction in an ion beam shepherd mission, Acta Astronaut., 146, 216, 10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.02.030

2018, Demonstrating a new technology for space debris removal using a bi-directional plasma thruster, Sci. Rep., 8, 14417, 10.1038/s41598-018-32697-4

2017, Ten–Ampere–Level, Applied–Field–Dominant Operation in Magnetoplasmadynamic Thrusters, J. Propul. Power, 33, 360, 10.2514/1.B36179

2017, Electrostatic/magnetic ion acceleration through a slowly diverging magnetic nozzle between a ring anode and an on-axis hollow cathode, AIP Adv., 7, 065204, 10.1063/1.4985380

2004, Theoretical components of the VASIMR plasma propulsion concept, Phys. Plasmas, 11, 2942, 10.1063/1.1666328

2004, Experimental evidence of parametric decay processes in the variable specific impulse magnetoplasma rocket (VASIMR) helicon plasma source, Phys. Plasmas, 11, 5125, 10.1063/1.1803579

2012, The innovative dual-stage 4-grid ion thruster concept—Theory and experimental results