Persistent organic pollution in a high-Arctic top predator: sex-dependent thresholds in adult survival

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences - Tập 280 Số 1769 - Trang 20131483 - 2013
Kjell Einar Erikstad1,2, Hanno Sandvik1, Tone Kristin Reiertsen3,2, Jan Ove Bustnes2, Hallvard Strøm4
1Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
2Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
3Department of Natural Sciences, Tromsø University Museum, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
4Norwegian Polar Institute, FRAM-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296 Tromsø, Norway

Tóm tắt

In long-lived species, any negative effect of pollution on adult survival may pose serious hazards to breeding populations. In this study, we measured concentrations of various organochlorines (OCs) (polychlorinated biphenyl and OC pesticides) in the blood of a large number of adult glaucous gulls ( Larus hyperboreus ) breeding on Bjørnøya (Bear Island) in the Norwegian Arctic, and modelled their local survival using capture–recapture analysis. Survival was negatively associated with concentrations of OCs in the blood. The effect of OCs was nonlinear and evident only among birds with the highest concentrations (the uppermost deciles of contamination). The threshold for depressed survival differed between the sexes, with females being more sensitive to contamination. For birds with lower OC concentration, survival was very high, i.e. at the upper range of survival rates reported from glaucous and other large gull species in other, presumably less contaminated populations. We propose two non-exclusive explanations. First, at some threshold of OC concentration, parents (especially males) may abandon reproduction to maximize their own survival. Second, high contamination of OC may eliminate the most sensitive individuals from the population (especially among females), inducing a strong selection towards high-quality and less sensitive phenotypes.

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Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Tập 280 Số 1769

20131483

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