Patterns of Change in Dietary Habits and Physical Activity during Lockdown in Spain Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Nutrients - Tập 13 Số 2 - Trang 300
Carmen Pérez-Rodrígo1,2, Marta Gianzo Citores2, Gotzone Hervás Bárbara2, Fátima Ruiz‐Litago1, Luı́s Casis1, Victoria Arija3,4,2, Ana M. López‐Sobaler5,2, Emilio Martínez de Victoria6,7,2, Rosa María Ortega Anta5,2, Teresa Partearroyo8,2, Joan Quiles i Izquierdo9,2, Lourdes Ribas‐Barba10,11,2, Amelia Rodríguez Martín12,2, Gemma Salvador Castell13,2, Josep A. Tur10,14,15,2, Gregorio Varela‐Moreiras8,16,2, Lluís Serra‐Majem10,11,17,2, Javier Aranceta Bartrina10,18,1,17,2
1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain
2Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain
3Nutrición Sin Fronteras, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
4Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
5Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
6Fundación Iberoamericana de Nutrición, FINUT, 18016 Armilla Granada, Spain
7Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
8Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
9CIBERESP (Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
10CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
11Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional (FIN), 08029 Barcelona, Spain
12Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
13Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
14Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
15Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
16Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), 28010 Madrid, Spain
17Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular—Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
18Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31009 Navarra, Spain

Tóm tắt

Background: Lockdown due to COVID-19 influenced food habits and lifestyles with potential negative health impact. This study aims to identify patterns of change in eating habits and physical activity during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain and to identify associations with sociodemographic factors and usual habits. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1155 adults recruited online to answer a 10-section questionnaire. The protocol assessed usual diet by means of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, usual physical activity (PA) and supplement use, dietary changes, sedentary time, PA, exposure to sunlight, sleep quality, and smoking during confinement. Patterns of dietary change were identified by factor analysis. Factor scores were included in cluster analysis together with change in PA. Results: Six patterns of dietary change were identified that together with PA changes during lockdown defined three clusters of lifestyle change: a cluster less active, a more active cluster, and a third cluster as active as usual. People who were usually less active were more likely to be classified in the cluster that increased physical activity in confinement. Scores of the Healthy Mediterranean-Style dietary pattern were higher in this group. Conclusions: Different patterns of change in lifestyles in confinement suggest the need to tailor support and advice to different population groups.

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