Pathways in the offending process of extrafamilial sexual child molesters
Tóm tắt
The aim of the current study was to investigate specific pathways in the offending process of extrafamilial sexual child molesters. Forty-four men who had committed at least one sexual offense against a nonfamilial prepubescent child were included in this study and were classified using cluster analysis. Subjects using the coercive pathway (n=30) had generally used psychoactive substances before their offenses. Furthermore, they had molested a female victim without perceived vulnerability and whom they had already well known. These molesters had not planned their offense, which was of short duration (less than 15 min), and involved coital activities and coercion (verbal and/or physical). Subjects using the noncoercive pathway (n=14) had generally used pornography and deviant sexual fantasies before their offenses. Moreover, they had molested a male victim, in whom they perceived a psychosocial vulnerability and who was not familiar to them. These molesters had planned their offense, which was of longer duration (more than 15 min) and involved noncoital activities without coercion. These two pathways were compared to the two pathways in the offending process identified by Ward and his colleagues.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abel, G. G., Becker, J. V., Mittelman, M., Cunningham-Rathner, J., Rouleau, J. L., & Murphy, W. (1987). Self reported sex crimes of non-incarcerated paraphilias.Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2, 3–25.
Abel, G. G., Gore, D. K., Holland, C. L., Camp, N., Becker, J. V., & Rathner, J. (1989). Cognitive distortions of child molesters.Annals of Sex Research, 2, 135–153.
Armentrout, J. A., & Hauer, A. L. (1978). MMPI of rapists of adults, rapists of children and non-rapist sex offenders.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 34, 330–332.
Cortoni, F., Heil, P., & Marshall, W. L. (1996),Sex as a coping mechanism and its relationship to loneliness and intimacy deficits in sexual offending. Paper presented at the 15th Annual Meeting of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, Chicago, Nov.
Earls, C., Aubut, J., Laberge, J., Bouchard, L., Castonguay, L. G., & McKibben, A. (1989). Étude descriptive des délinquants sexuels.Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 10, 30–40.
Finkelhor, D. (1984).Child sexual abuse: New theory and research. New York: Free Press.
Hall, G. C. N., & Hirschman, R. (1992). Sexual aggression against children: A conceptual perspective of etiology.Criminal Justice and Behavior, 19, 8–23.
Hanson, R. K., Steffy, R. A., & Gauthier, R. (1993). Long-term recidivism of child molesters.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 646–652.
Hanson, R. K., Pronovost, I., Proulx, J., Scott, H., & Raza, H. (1999). Étude des propriétés psychométriques d’une version française de l’échelle cognitive d’Abel et Becker.Revue sexologique (in press).
Kaufman, K. L., Hilliker, D. R., Lathrop, P., & Daleiden, E. L. (1993). Assessing child sexual offenders’ modus operandi: Accuracy in self-reported use of threats and coercion.Annals of Sex Research, 6, 213–229.
Kaufman, K. L., Hilliker, D. R., Lathrop, P., Daleiden, E. L., & Rudy, L. (1996). Sexual offenders’ modus operandi: A comparison of structured interview and questionnaire approaches.Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 11, 19–34.
Kaufman, K. L., Orts, K., Holmberg, J., McCrady, F., Daleiden, E. L., & Hilliker, D. (1996).Contrasting adult and adolescent sexual offenders’ modus operandi: A developmental process. Paper presented at the 15th Annual Conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers. Chicago, Nov.
Maric, A., Seto, M. C., Barbaree, H. E., & McCormick, J. S. (1996).The modus operandi of child sexual offenders: Differences according to age and offender characteristics. Paper presented at the 15th Annual Conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers. Chicago, Nov.
Marshall, W. L. (1989). Intimacy, loneliness and sexual offenders.Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27, 491–503.
Marshall, W. L. (1993). The role of attachments, intimacy, and loneliness in the etiology and maintenance of sexual offending.Sexual and Marital Therapy, 8, 109–121.
Marshall, W. L., & Barbaree, H. E. (1990). An integrated theory of the etiology of sexual offending. In W. L. Marshall, D. R. Laws, & H. E. Barbaree (Eds.),Handbook of sexual assault: Issues, theories, and treatment of the offender (pp. 257–275). New York: Plenum.
Marshall, W. L., & Christie, M. M. (1981). Pedophilia and aggression.Criminal Justice and Behavior, 8, 145–158.
Marshall, W. L., & Mazucco, A. (1995). Self-esteem and parental attachments in child molesters.Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Treatment and Research, 7, 279–285.
McKibben, A., Proulx, J., & Lusignan, R. (1994). Relationships between conflict, affect and deviant sexual behaviors in rapists and pedophiles.Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 571–575.
Panton, J. H. (1978). Personality differences appearing between rapists of adults, rapists of children and non-violent sexual molesters of female children.Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry and Behavior, 3, 385–393.
Pithers, W. D. (1990). Relapse prevention with sexual aggressors: A method for maintaining therapeutic gain and enhancing external supervision. In W. L. Marshall, D. R. Laws, & H. E. Barbaree (Eds.),Handbook of sexual assault: Issues, theories and treatment of the offenders (pp. 343–361). New York: Plenum.
Pithers, W. D., Marques, J. K., Gibat, C. C., & Marlatt, G. A. (1983). Relapse prevention with sexual aggressives: A self-control model of treatment and maintenance change. In J. G. Greer & I. R. Stuart (Eds.),The sexual aggressor: Current perspectives on treatment (pp. 214–239). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Pithers, W. D., Kashima, K. M., Cumming, G. F., Beal, L. S., & Buell, M. M. (1988). Relapse prevention of sexual aggression. In R. A. Prentky & V. L. Quinsey (Eds.),Human sexual aggression: Current perspectives (pp. 244–260). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.
Proulx, J., & Ouimet, M. (1995). Criminologie de l’acte et pédophilie.Revue Internationale de Criminologie et de Police Technique, 48, 294–310.
Proulx, J., McKibben, A., & Lusignan, R. (1996). Relationship between affective components and sexual behaviors in sexual aggressors.Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 8, 279–289.
Proulx, J., Pellerin, B., Paradis, Y., McKibben, A., Aubut, J., & Ouimet, M. (1997). Static and dynamic predictors of recidivism in sexual aggressors.Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 9, 7–27.
Rice, M. E., Quinsey, V. L., & Harris, G. T. (1991). Sexual recidivism among child molesters released from a maximum security psychiatric institution.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 381–386.
Segal, Z. V., & Stermac, L. E. (1990). The role of cognition in sexual assault. In W. L. Marshall, D. R. Laws, & H. E. Barbaree (Eds.),Handbook of sexual assault: Issues, theories and treatment of the offender (pp. 161–174). New York: Plenum.
Ward, T., & Hudson, S. M. (1996). Relapse prevention: a critical analysis.Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 8, 177–200.
Ward, T., Louden, K., Hudson, S. M., & Marshall, W. L. (1995). A descriptive model of the offense chain for child molesters.Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10, 452–472.