Pathogenetische Aspekte des nephrotischen Syndroms
Tóm tắt
Das nephrotische Syndrom ist gekennzeichnet durch Eiweißverlust im Urin, Hypoalbuminämie, Hyperlipidämie und Ödeme. Verschiedene Erkrankungen verursachen ein nephrotisches Syndrom, indem sie zu einer Schädigung des glomerulären Podozyten führen. Diese spezialisierte Epithelzelle bildet zusammen mit dem kapillären Endothel und der glomerulären Basalmembran die Filtrationsbarriere, welche den Übertritt von Eiweiß aus der Zirkulation in das Primärfiltrat verhindert. Störungen dieses Filters führen zur Proteinurie. Die 3 häufigsten primären glomerulären Erkrankungen, welche ein nephrotisches Syndrom auslösen, sind Minimal-change-Disease, membranöse Glomerulonephritis und die primäre fokale segmentale Glomerulosklerose. Selten sind die familiären Formen des nephrotischen Syndroms; die Charakterisierung der genetischen Defekte hat jedoch wesentlich zum Verständnis der Podozytenfunktion und der Pathogenese des nephrotischen Syndroms beigetragen.
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