PCOS Forum: research in polycystic ovary syndrome today and tomorrow

Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group, 2004, Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Human Reproduction, 19, 41, 10.1093/humrep/deh098

Azziz, 2006, Criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an androgen excess society guideline, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 91, 4237, 10.1210/jc.2006-0178

Escobar-Morreale, 2005, The polycystic ovary syndrome associated with morbid obesity may resolve after weight loss induced by bariatric surgery, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 90, 6364, 10.1210/jc.2005-1490

2008, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Current Controversies, from the Ovary to the Pancreas

Longcope, 1986, Adrenal and gonadal androgen secretion in normal females, Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 15, 213, 10.1016/S0300-595X(86)80021-4

Bardin, 1967, Testosterone and androstenedione blood production rates in normal women and women with idiopathic hirsutism or polycystic ovaries, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 46, 891, 10.1172/JCI105588

Pasquali, 1993, The impact of obesity on hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome in premenopausal women, Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford), 39, 1, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1993.tb01744.x

Rosner, 2007, Utility, limitations, and pitfalls in measuring testosterone: an endocrine society position statement, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 92, 405, 10.1210/jc.2006-1864

Stener-Victorin, 2010, Are there any sensitive and specific sex steroid markers for polycystic ovary syndrome?, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 95, 810, 10.1210/jc.2009-1908

Piltonen, 2002, Ovarian and adrenal steroid production: regulatory role of LH/HCG, Human Reproduction, 17, 620, 10.1093/humrep/17.3.620

Lasley, 2002, The relationship of circulating dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, and estradiol to stages of the menopausal transition and ethnicity, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 87, 3760, 10.1210/jc.87.8.3760

Piltonen, 2003, Ovarian age-related responsiveness to human chorionic gonadotropin, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 88, 3327, 10.1210/jc.2002-021549

Puurunen, 2009, Adrenal androgen production capacity remains high up to menopause in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 94, 1973, 10.1210/jc.2008-2583

Gilling-Smith, 1994, Hypersecretion of androstenedione by isolated thecal cells from polycystic ovaries, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 79, 1158, 10.1210/jc.79.4.1158

Tee, 2008, Pathways leading to phosphorylation of p450c17 and to the posttranslational regulation of androgen biosynthesis, Endocrinology, 149, 2667, 10.1210/en.2007-1527

Draper, 2006, Variants implicated in cortisone reductase deficiency do not contribute to susceptibility to common forms of polycystic ovary syndrome, Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford), 65, 64, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02547.x

Rodin, 1994, Hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome. Evidence of dysregulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, New England Journal of Medicine, 330, 460, 10.1056/NEJM199402173300703

Stewart, 1990, 5 alpha-reductase activity in polycystic ovary syndrome, Lancet, 335, 431, 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90664-Q

Gambineri, 2009, Increased clearance of cortisol by 5beta-reductase in a subgroup of women with adrenal hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome, Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 32, 210, 10.1007/BF03346454

Fagius, 2003, Sympathetic nerve activity in metabolic control - some basic concepts, Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 177, 337, 10.1046/j.1365-201X.2003.01086.x

Heider, 2001, Increase in nerve fibers and loss of mast cells in polycystic and postmenopausal ovaries, Fertility Sterility, 75, 1141, 10.1016/S0015-0282(01)01805-2

Dissen, 2000, Intraovarian excess of nerve growth factor increases androgen secretion and disrupts estrous cyclicity in the rat, Endocrinology, 141, 1073, 10.1210/en.141.3.1073

Dissen, 2009, Excessive ovarian production of nerve growth factor facilitates development of cystic ovarian morphology in mice and is a feature of polycystic ovarian syndrome in humans, Endocrinology, 150, 2906, 10.1210/en.2008-1575

Giallauria, 2008, Abnormal heart rate recovery after maximal cardiopulmonary exercise stress testing in young overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome, Clinical Endocrinology, 68, 88, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03004.x

Tekin, 2008, Altered autonomic neural control of the cardiovascular system in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, International Journal of Cardiology, 130, 49, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.08.037

Yildirir, 2006, Heart rate variability in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome, Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology, 11, 306, 10.1111/j.1542-474X.2006.00122.x

Sverrisdottir, 2008, Is polycystic ovary syndrome associated with high sympathetic nerve activity and size at birth?, American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 294, E576, 10.1152/ajpendo.00725.2007

Jedel, 2010, Impact of electroacupuncture and physical exercise on hyperandrogenism and oligo/amenorrhoea in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial, American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism

Stener-Victorin, 2009, Low-frequency electroacupuncture and physical exercise decrease high muscle sympathetic nerve activity in polycystic ovary syndrome, American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 297, R387, 10.1152/ajpregu.00197.2009

Balen, 2006, Surgical treatment of polycystic ovary sundrome, Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 20, 271, 10.1016/j.beem.2006.03.006

Gilling-Smith, 1997, Evidence for a primary abnormality of thecal cell steroidogenesis in the polycystic ovary syndrome, Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford), 47, 93, 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.2321049.x

Willis, 1996, Modulation by insulin of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone actions in human granulosa cells of normal and polycystic ovaries, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 81, 302, 10.1210/jc.81.1.302

Pellatt, 2007, Granulosa cell production of anti-Mullerian hormone is increased in polycystic ovaries, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 92, 240, 10.1210/jc.2006-1582

Rice, 2009, Metformin inhibits aromatase via an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated pathway, Endocrinology, 150, 4794, 10.1210/en.2009-0540

Driancourt, 2000, Roles of KIT and KIT LIGAND in ovarian function, Reviews of Reproduction, 5, 143, 10.1530/ror.0.0050143

Shiina, 2006, Premature ovarian failure in androgen receptor-deficient mice, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103, 224, 10.1073/pnas.0506736102

Elting, 2003, Aging women with polycystic ovary syndrome who achieve regular menstrual cycles have a smaller follicle cohort than those who continue to have irregular cycles, Fertility & Sterility, 79, 1154, 10.1016/S0015-0282(03)00152-3

Pigny, 2003, Elevated serum level of anti-mullerian hormone in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship to the ovarian follicle excess and to the follicular arrest, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 88, 5957, 10.1210/jc.2003-030727

Willis, 1998, Premature response to luteinizing hormone of granulosa cells from anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relevance to mechanism of anovulation, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 83, 3984, 10.1210/jc.83.11.3984

Balen, 1995, Polycystic ovary syndrome: the spectrum of the disorder in 1741 patients, Human Reproduction, 10, 2107, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136243

Mulders, 2004, Changes in anti-Mullerian hormone serum concentrations over time suggest delayed ovarian ageing in normogonadotrophic anovulatory infertility, Human Reproduction, 19, 2036, 10.1093/humrep/deh373

Schachter, 1996, Hypogonadotropic patients with ultrasonographically detected polycystic ovaries: endocrine response to pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Gynecological Endocrinology, 10, 327, 10.3109/09513599609012819

Balen, 2003, Ultrasound assessment of the polycystic ovary: international consensus definitions, Human Reproduction Update, 9, 505, 10.1093/humupd/dmg044

Isojarvi, 1993, Polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism in women taking valproate for epilepsy, New England Journal of Medicine, 329, 1383, 10.1056/NEJM199311043291904

Johnstone, 2010, The polycystic ovary post-rotterdam: a common, age-dependent finding in ovulatory women without metabolic significance, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 95, 4965, 10.1210/jc.2010-0202

Barth, 1997, Ovarian hyperthecosis, diabetes and hirsuties in post-menopausal women, Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford), 46, 123, 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.1050916.x

Nagamani, 1988, Hyperinsulinemia and stromal luteinization of the ovaries in postmenopausal women with endometrial cancer, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 67, 144, 10.1210/jcem-67-1-144

Pascale, 1994, Androgen suppressive effect of GnRH agonist in ovarian hyperthecosis and virilizing tumours, Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford), 41, 571, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1994.tb01820.x

Abbott, 2009, Fetal, infant, adolescent and adult phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome in prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys, American Journal of Primatology, 71, 776, 10.1002/ajp.20679

Eisner, 2000, Timing of prenatal androgen excess determines differential impairment in insulin secretion and action in adult female rhesus monkeys, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 85, 1206, 10.1210/jc.85.3.1206

Abbott, 2008, Endocrine antecedents of polycystic ovary syndrome in fetal and infant prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys, Biology of Reproduction, 79, 154, 10.1095/biolreprod.108.067702

Kent, 2008, Hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinism in children of women with PCOS: a controlled study, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 93, 1662, 10.1210/jc.2007-1958

Anderson, 2010, Infants of women with polycystic ovary syndrome have lower cord blood androstenedione and estradiol levels, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 95, 2180, 10.1210/jc.2009-2651

Wild, 1985, Lipoprotein lipid concentrations and cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 61, 946, 10.1210/jcem-61-5-946

Talbott, 1998, Adverse lipid and coronary heart disease risk profiles in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: results of a case-control study, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51, 415, 10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00010-9

Ehrmann, 2006, Prevalence and predictors of the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 91, 48, 10.1210/jc.2005-1329

Legro, 2001, Prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, American Journal of Medicine, 111, 607, 10.1016/S0002-9343(01)00948-2

Graf, 1990, The independent effects of hyperandrogenaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, and obesity on lipid and lipoprotein profiles in women, Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford), 33, 119, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00472.x

McCartney, 2007, Obesity and sex steroid changes across puberty: evidence for marked hyperandrogenemia in pre- and early pubertal obese girls, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 92, 430, 10.1210/jc.2006-2002

Reinehr, 2005, Androgens before and after weight loss in obese children, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 90, 5588, 10.1210/jc.2005-0438

Hoeger, 2008, The impact of metformin, oral contraceptives, and lifestyle modification on polycystic ovary syndrome in obese adolescent women in two randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 93, 4299, 10.1210/jc.2008-0461

Ibanez, 2004, Insulin sensitization for girls with precocious pubarche and with risk for polycystic ovary syndrome: effects of prepubertal initiation and postpubertal discontinuation of metformin treatment, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 89, 4331, 10.1210/jc.2004-0463

Allen, 2005, Randomized controlled trial evaluating response to metformin versus standard therapy in the treatment of adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome, Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism, 18, 761, 10.1515/JPEM.2005.18.8.761

Diamanti-Kandarakis, 2008, Increased serum advanced glycation end-products is a distinct finding in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford), 69, 634, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03247.x

Diamanti-Kandarakis, 2007, Effect of long-term orlistat treatment on serum levels of advanced glycation end-products in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford), 66, 103, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02693.x

Diamanti-Kandarakis, 2007, Accumulation of dietary glycotoxins in the reproductive system of normal female rats, Journal of Molecular Medicine, 85, 1413, 10.1007/s00109-007-0246-6

Diamanti-Kandarakis, 2007, Immunohistochemical localization of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) in polycystic and normal ovaries, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 127, 581, 10.1007/s00418-006-0265-3

Sabuncu, 2001, Oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome and its contribution to the risk of cardiovascular disease, Clinical Biochemistry, 34, 407, 10.1016/S0009-9120(01)00245-4

Orio, 2005, The increase of leukocytes as a new putative marker of low-grade chronic inflammation and early cardiovascular risk in polycystic ovary syndrome, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 90, 2, 10.1210/jc.2004-0628

Morin-Papunen, 2010, Chlamydia antibodies and self-reported symptoms of oligoamenorrhea and hirsutism: a new etiologic factor in polycystic ovary syndrome?, Fertility & Sterility, 94, 1799, 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.10.021

Fernandez-Real, 2006, Burden of infection and insulin resistance in healthy middle-aged men, Diabetes Care, 29, 1058, 10.2337/dc05-2068

Thorn, 2006, AHA statistical update. Heart disease and stroke statistics update. A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee, Circulation, 113, e85, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.171600

Shaw, 2006, Ischemic heart disease in women: insights from the NHLBI-sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. Part I: sex differences in traditional and novel risk factors, symptom evaluation and gender-optimized diagnostic strategies, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 47, S4, 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.072

Wild, 2010, Assessment of cardiovascular risk and prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 95, 2038, 10.1210/jc.2009-2724

Pierpoint, 1998, Mortality of women with polycystic ovary syndrome at long-term follow-up, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51, 581, 10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00035-3

Legro, 2003, Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular disease: a pre- mature association?, Endocrine Reviews, 24, 302, 10.1210/er.2003-0004

Shaw, 2008, Postmenopausal women with a history of irregular menses and elevated androgen measurements at high risk for worsening cardiovascular event-free survival: results from the National Institutes of Health-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute sponsored women’s ischemia syndrome evaluation, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 93, 1276, 10.1210/jc.2007-0425

Diamanti-Kandarakis, 2009, Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an Endocrine Society scientific statement, Endocrine Reviews, 30, 293, 10.1210/er.2009-0002

Franks, 2008, Follicle dynamics and anovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome, Human Reproduction Update, 14, 367, 10.1093/humupd/dmn015

Abbott, 2008, Fetal programming of adrenal androgen excess: lessons from a nonhuman primate model of polycystic ovary syndrome, Endocrine Development, 13, 145, 10.1159/000134831

Hickey, 2009, The relationship between maternal and umbilical cord androgen levels and polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence: a prospective cohort study, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 94, 3714, 10.1210/jc.2009-0544

Mohamed-Hussein, 2009, Construction of a polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) pathway based on the interactions of PCOS-related proteins retrieved from bibliomic data, Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling, 6