Overview of retinoid metabolism and function

Wiley - Tập 66 Số 7 - Trang 606-630 - 2006
Rune Blomhoff1, Heidi Kiil Blomhoff2
1Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
2Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Tóm tắt

Abstract

Retinoids (vitamin A) are crucial for most forms of life. In chordates, they have important roles in the developing nervous system and notochord and many other embryonic structures, as well as in maintenance of epithelial surfaces, immune competence, and reproduction. The ability of all‐trans retinoic acid to regulate expression of several hundred genes through binding to nuclear transcription factors is believed to mediate most of these functions. The role of all‐trans retinoic may extend beyond the regulation of gene transcription because a large number of noncoding RNAs also are regulated by retinoic acid. Additionally, extra‐nuclear mechanisms of action of retinoids are also being identified. In organisms ranging from prokaryotes to humans, retinal is covalently linked to G protein‐coupled transmembrane receptors called opsins. These receptors function as light‐driven ion pumps, mediators of phototaxis, or photosensory pigments. In vertebrates phototransduction is initiated by a photochemical reaction where opsin‐bound 11‐cis‐retinal is isomerized to all‐trans‐retinal. The photosensitive receptor is restored via the retinoid visual cycle. Multiple genes encoding components of this cycle have been identified and linked to many human retinal diseases.

 Central aspects of vitamin A absorption, enzymatic oxidation of all‐trans retinol to all‐trans retinal and all‐trans retinoic acid, and esterification of all‐trans retinol have been clarified. Furthermore, specific binding proteins are involved in several of these enzymatic processes as well as in delivery of all‐trans retinoic acid to nuclear receptors. Thus, substantial progress has been made in our understanding of retinoid metabolism and function. This insight has improved our view of retinoids as critical molecules in vision, normal embryonic development, and in control of cellular growth, differentiation, and death throughout life. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 66: 606–630, 2006

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1111/j.1753-4887.1989.tb02842.x

10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62973-2

10.1016/0024-3205(96)00408-0

Austenaa LM, 2004, Vitamin A status significantly alters nuclear factor‐kappaB activity assessed by in vivo imaging, FASEB J, 18, 1255, 10.1096/fj.03-1098fje

10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1325s

10.1016/j.visres.2003.10.001

10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81318-5

10.1194/jlr.R100015-JLR200

10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.05.005

Barry RJ, 1989, Solubilization and partial purification of retinyl ester synthetase and retinoid isomerase from bovine ocular pigment epithelium 1, J Biol Chem, 264, 9231, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)60519-8

Barua AB, 1998, Properties of retinoids. Structure, handling, and preparation, Methods Mol Biol, 89, 3

10.1093/ajcn/43.4.481

10.1093/jn/134.1.286S

10.1074/jbc.M001985200

10.1074/jbc.M312410200

10.1128/MCB.23.3.1061-1074.2003

Beehler BC, 2004, Selective retinoic acid receptor ligands for rheumatoid arthritis, Curr Opin Investig Drugs, 5, 1153

10.1016/j.bbadis.2005.01.003

Bhat PV, 1979, Retinoid metabolism in spontaneously transformed mouse fibroblasts (Balb/c 3T12‐3 cells): enzymatic conversion of retinol to anhydroretinol, J Lipid Res, 20, 357, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)40618-2

10.1016/0300-483X(89)90161-3

10.1126/science.2218545

10.1073/pnas.79.23.7326

10.1016/0014-4827(84)90713-4

10.1016/S0021-9258(17)38759-8

10.1096/fasebj.5.3.2001786

10.1073/pnas.93.10.4873

10.1083/jcb.112.5.965

10.1016/S0021-9258(19)36635-9

10.1042/bst0240723

10.1126/science.1749937

10.1084/jem.178.2.675

10.1084/jem.171.5.1613

10.1006/jmbi.2000.4340

10.1128/MCB.22.8.2632-2641.2002

10.2174/1389450053765833

10.4049/jimmunol.168.3.1441

10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00127-8

10.1038/nm1004-1027

10.1073/pnas.192436499

10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07102.x

10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80654-6

10.2165/00128071-200506010-00002

10.1093/jn/135.4.746

10.1146/annurev.nutr.22.010402.102745E

10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00423-2

10.1038/sj.leu.2402718

Corcoran J, 2000, The role of retinoic acid receptors in neurite outgrowth from different populations of embryonic mouse dorsal root ganglia, J Cell Sci, 113, 2567, 10.1242/jcs.113.14.2567

10.1242/jcs.00046

10.1073/pnas.0306336101

10.1073/pnas.82.14.4707

10.1128/MCB.19.10.7158

10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00043-X

10.1016/S0169-328X(01)00002-X

10.1074/jbc.270.32.18875

10.1126/science.290.5499.2140

10.1002/bies.20080

10.1074/jbc.274.34.23695

10.1016/S0009-2797(02)00204-1

10.1073/pnas.2336223100

10.1098/rspb.1992.0131

10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-16-06423.2001

10.1038/nm1004-1022

10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.04.026

10.1074/jbc.M205519200

10.1038/372107a0

10.1016/j.plipres.2003.10.002

10.1016/B978-0-12-658102-7.50011-7

10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00026.x

10.1016/S1388-1981(00)00175-X

10.1093/emboj/18.18.4903

10.1093/emboj/cdf374

10.1038/330624a0

Glover J, 1954, The mechanism of the transformation of beta‐carotene into vitamin A in vivo, Process Biochem, 58, xv

10.1021/bi035227w

10.1073/pnas.0401936101

10.1126/science.149.3686.879

10.1007/978-1-4419-9019-8_11

10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01043-3

10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092614

10.1159/000086879

10.1002/(SICI)1520-6408(1999)25:4<353::AID-DVG9>3.0.CO;2-G

10.1093/ajcn/52.2.183

Hebuterne X, 1996, In vivo biosynthesis of retinoic acid from beta‐carotene involves and excentric cleavage pathway in ferret intestine, J Lipid Res, 37, 482, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)37592-1

10.1021/bi00144a014

10.1016/0092-8674(92)90479-V

10.1096/fj.00-0329fje

10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb07013.x

10.1016/j.molmed.2004.08.006

10.1016/j.cell.2005.06.042

10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81118-6

10.1172/JCI105889

10.1042/BJ20041867

10.1002/hlca.19300130109

10.1016/0092-8674(95)90202-3

10.1074/jbc.M413789200

10.1074/jbc.M011510200

10.1074/jbc.M413172200

10.1091/mbc.7.8.1153

10.1074/jbc.M002840200

10.1073/pnas.91.8.3067

10.1126/science.279.5352.863

Kuenzli S, 2001, Retinoids for the treatment of psoriasis: outlook for the future, Curr Opin Investig Drugs, 2, 625

10.2174/1568010042634587

10.1016/j.exer.2005.05.004

Lampen A, 2001, Effects of receptor–selective retinoids on CYP26 gene expression and metabolism of all‐trans‐retinoic acid in intestinal cells 1, Drug Metab Dispos, 29, 742

10.1021/bi9804840

10.1097/00041433-200306000-00003

10.1242/jcs.01153

10.1074/jbc.M211417200

10.1136/adc.2004.057547

10.1038/nrn963

10.1016/S0070-2153(04)61007-6

10.1002/dvdy.10222

10.1073/pnas.91.16.7772

10.1073/pnas.93.22.12570

10.7326/0003-4819-129-10-199811150-00003

10.1073/pnas.191369798

10.1073/pnas.0503460102

10.1042/bj0240692

Myhre AM, 1996, Retinoylation of proteins in rat liver, kidney, and lung in vivo, J Lipid Res, 37, 1971, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)37562-3

10.1074/jbc.274.12.7674

10.1093/jn/134.1.237S

10.1016/S0022-2275(20)37232-1

Napoli JL, 1988, Biogenesis of retinoic acid from beta‐carotene. Differences between the metabolism of beta‐carotene and retinal, J Biol Chem, 263, 17372, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)77845-4

10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00150-3

10.1016/S0925-4773(01)00561-5

10.1016/S0925-4773(96)00653-3

10.1038/7788

10.1093/jn/133.1.282S

10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.05.020

10.1021/bi034713g

10.1073/pnas.54.5.1364

10.1073/pnas.0402129101

10.1074/jbc.M010086200

10.1093/jn/134.1.276S

10.1096/fasebj.10.5.8621054

10.1038/nrm1680

10.1016/S0021-9258(18)62529-3

10.1146/annurev.nu.12.070192.002303

10.1038/330444a0

10.1038/sj.onc.1207109

10.1016/S0165-3806(02)00579-5

10.1093/emboj/18.17.4633

10.1016/S0098-2997(03)00038-4

10.1074/jbc.M907722199

10.1073/pnas.0308302101

10.1074/jbc.272.30.18702

10.1074/jbc.M009030200

10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.06.019

10.1002/dvdy.20025

10.1634/theoncologist.10-1-22

10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80317-7

10.1083/jcb.96.3.907

10.1056/NEJM199511233332101

Saari JC, 1994, The Retinoids, 351

Saari JC, 2000, Biochemistry of visual pigment regeneration: the Friedenwald lecture, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 41, 337

10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00248-3

10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00676-1

10.1016/S0003-2697(02)00662-0

10.1016/S1388-1981(02)00212-3

10.1073/pnas.88.14.6092

10.1016/j.ccr.2005.04.005

10.1007/s00795-003-0230-3

10.1016/j.leukres.2005.01.005

10.1038/26515

10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132407

Soprano DR, 1986, Retinol‐binding protein messenger RNA levels in the liver and in extrahepatic tissues of the rat, J Lipid Res, 27, 166, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)38843-X

10.1093/jn/133.1.273S

Sporn MB, 1976, Prevention of chemical carcinogenesis by vitamin A and its synthetic analogs (retinoids), Fed Proc, 35, 1332

Sporn MB, 1985, What is a retinoid?, Ciba Found Symp, 113, 1

10.1006/dbio.1999.9487

10.1038/sj.cdd.4401533

10.1074/jbc.M308337200

10.1073/pnas.89.22.10807

Takahashi N, 1994, Retinoylation of vimentin in the human myeloid leukemia cell line HL60, J Biol Chem, 269, 5913, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)37548-8

10.1006/bbrc.1997.7434

Takahashi N, 1995, N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (Fenretinide) in combination with retinoic acid enhances differentiation and retinoylation of proteins, Clin Cancer Res, 1, 637

10.1038/327625a0

10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb56237.x

10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199605)167:2<196::AID-JCP2>3.0.CO;2-K

10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00078-5

10.1002/1097-0177(2000)9999:9999<::AID-DVDY1082>3.0.CO;2-H

10.1002/dvdy.1184

10.1002/neu.20158

10.1074/jbc.275.16.11915

10.1126/science.162.3850.230

10.1074/jbc.271.43.26490

10.1074/jbc.272.30.18538

10.1073/pnas.120161397

10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-351.x

10.1084/jem.42.6.753

10.1016/S0168-9525(96)80019-9

World Health Organization, 1995, Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency

10.1006/bbrc.2000.2619

10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00303-4

10.1016/j.cell.2004.05.016

10.1038/9707

10.1016/S0733-8635(03)00126-8

10.1006/geno.2000.6476

10.1016/S0083-6729(04)69010-8

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Wiley

Tập 66 Số 7

606-630

Thông tin tác giả