Organic rice: potential production strategies, challenges and prospects
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Alam MN (2015) Socio-economic and technical efficiency level of organic Rice farming with system of Rice intensification: a case study in Morowali Regency Indonesia. American J Applied Sci 12(4):290
Amano T, Kusumoto Y, Okamura H, Baba YG, Hamasaki K, Tanaka K, Yamamoto S (2011) A macro-scale perspective on within-farm management: how climate and topography alter the effect of farming practices. Ecol Lett 14:1263–1272
Amon B, Amon T, Boxberger J, Alt C (2001) Emissions of NH3, N2O and CH4 from dairy cows housed in a farmyard manure tying stall (housing, manure storage, manure spreading). Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 60(1–3):103–113
Andersen MM, Landes X, Xiang W, Anyshchenko A, Falhof J, Østerberg JT, Olsen LI, Edenbrandt AK, Vedel SE, Thorsen BJ, Sandøe P (2015) Feasibility of new breeding techniques for organic farming. Trends Plant Sci 20(7):426–434
Badgley C, Moghtader J, Quintero E, Zakem E, Jahi Chappell M, Avile’s-Vazque’z K, Samulon A, Perfecto I (2006) Organic agriculture and the global food supply. Renew Agric Food Syst 22:86–108
Baldani JI, Baldani V, Seldin L, Döbereiner J (1986) Characterization of Herbaspirillum seropedicae gen. Nov., sp. nov., a root-associated nitrogen-fixing bacterium. Int J Syst Evol Microbio 36(1):86–93
Baldani VLD, Baldani JI, D_bereiner J (2000) Inoculation of rice plants with the endophytic diazotrophs Herbaspirillum seropedicae and Burkholderia spp. Biol Fertil Soils 30:485–491
Barbosa RM, de Paula ES, Paulelli AC, Moore AF, Souza JM, Batista BL, Campiglia AD, Barbosa F (2016) Recognition of organic rice samples based on trace elements and support vector machines. J Food Comp Analysis 45:95–100
Bassanino B, Sacco D, Zavattaro L, Grignani C (2011) Nutrient balance as a sustainability indicator of different agro-environments in Italy. Ecol Indic 11:715–723
Berry PM, Sylvester-Bradley R, Philipps L, Hatch DH, Cuttle SP, Rayns FW, Gosling P (2002) Is the productivity of organic farms restricted by the supply of available nitrogen. Soil Use Manage 18:248–255
Bhadoria PBS, Prakash YS, Kar S, Rakshit A (2003) Relative efficacy of organic manures on rice production in lateritic soil. Soil Use Manag 19(1):80–82
Bharati K, Mohanty SR, Rao VR, Adhya TK (1999) Effect of endosulfan on methane production from three tropical soils incubated under flooded condition. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 63:211–218
Bhattacharyya P, Chakraborty A, Bhattacharya B, Chakrabarti K (2003) Evaluation of MSW compost as a component of integrated nutrient management in wetland rice. Compost Sci Utiliz 11(4):343–350
Bi L, Zhang B, Liu G, Li Z, Liu Y, Ye C, Yu X, Lai T, Zhang J, Yin J, Liang Y (2009) Long-term effects of organic amendments on the rice yields for double rice cropping systems in subtropical China. Agric Ecosyst Environ 129(4):534–541
Birkhofer K, Bezemer TM, Bloem J, Bonkowski M, Christensen S, Dubois D, Scheu S (2008) Long-term organic farming fosters below and aboveground biota: implications for soil quality, biological control and productivity. Soil Biol Biochem 40(9):2297–2308
Borda T, Celi L, Zavattaro L, Sacco D, Barberis E (2011) Effect of agronomic management on risk of suspended solids and phosphorus losses from soil to waters. J Soils Sediments 11:440–451
Borges EM, Gelinski JM, de Oliveira Souza VC, Barbosa F Jr, Batista BL (2015) Monitoring the authenticity of organic rice via chemometric analysis of elemental data. Food Res Int 77:299–309
Bourn D, Prescott J (2002) A comparison of the nutritional value, sensory qualities, and food safety of organically and conventionally produced foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 42:1–34
Bowcher A, Condon K (2004) On-farm solutions: managing resistant ryegrass with high density legumes. Cooperative Research Centre for Australian Weed Management Fact Sheet Ref:15/2004/fs http://www.weeds.crc.org.au/documents/ fs15_ofs_high_density_legumes.pdf
Butler J, Garratt MPD, Leather SR (2012) Fertilisers and insect herbivores: a meta-analysis. Ann Appl Biol 161:223–233
Cai ZC, Xu H (2004) Options for mitigating CH4 emissions from rice fields in China. In Y. Hayashi (ed.). Material Circulation through Agro–Ecosystems in East Asia and Assessment of Its Environmental Impact. NIAES Series 5, Tsukuba, Japan. pp. 45–55
Ceesay M, Reid WS, Fernandes EC, Uphoff NT (2006) The effects of repeated soil wetting and drying on lowland rice yield with system of Rice intensification (SRI) methods. Inter J Agric Sust 4(1):5–14
Champagne ET, Bett-Garber KL, Grimm CC, McClung AM (2007) Effects of organic fertility management on physicochemical properties and sensory quality of diverse rice cultivars. Cereal Chem 84(4):320–327
Champagne ET, Bett-Garber KL, Thomson JL, Fitzgerald MA (2009) Unravelling the impact of nitrogen nutrition on cooked rice flavor and texture. Cereal Chem 86:274–280
Cheng W, Okamoto Y, Takei M, Tawaraya K, Yasuda H (2015) Combined use of Azolla and loach suppressed weed Monochoria vaginalis and increased rice yield without agrochemicals. Org Agri 5(1):1–10
Chi F, Shen SH, Cheng HP, Jing YX, Yanni YG, Dazzo FB (2005) Ascending migration of endophytic rhizobia, from roots to leaves, inside rice plants and assessment of benefits to rice growth physiology. Applied Environ Microbiol 71:7271–7278
Chouichom S, Yamao M (2010) Comparing opinions and attitudes of organic and non-organic farmers towards organic rice farming system in northeastern Thailand. J Org Syst 5(1):25–35
Ciss M, Vlek PLG (2003) Influence of urea on biological N2 fixation and N transfer from Azolla intercropped with rice. Plant Soil 250:105–112
Clark MS, Horwath WR, Shennan C, Scow KM (1998) Changes in soil chemical properties resulting from organic and low-input farming practices. Agron J 90(5):662–671
Cooper JM, Schmidt CS, Wilkinson A, Lueck L, Hall CM, Shotton PN, Leifert C (2006) Effect of organic, low–input and conventional production systems on disease incidence and severity in winter wheat. Aspects Appl Biol 80:121–126
Crutzen PJ (1995) On the role of CH4 in atmospheric chemistry: sources, sinks and possible reductions in anthropogenic sources. Ambio 24:52–55
Dangour AD, Dodhia SK, Hayter A, Allen E, Lock K, Uauy R (2009) Nutritional quality of organic foods: a systematic review. American J Clinic Nutr 90(3):680–685
Das S, Ghosh A, Adhya TK (2011) Nitrous oxide and methane emission from a flooded rice field as influenced by separate and combined application of herbicides bensulfuron methyl and pretilachlor. Chemosphere 84:54–62
Datta A, Yeluripati JB, Nayak DR, Mahata KR, Santra SC, Adhya TK (2013) Seasonal variation of methane flux from coastal saline rice field with the application of different organic manures. Atmospheric Environ 66:114–122
Dawson JC, Huggins DR, Jones SS (2008) Characterizing nitrogen use efficiency in natural and agricultural ecosystems to improve the performance of cereal crops in low-input and organic agricultural systems. Field Crops Res 107:89–101
de Ponti T, Rijk B, Van Ittersum MK (2012) The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture. Agric Syst 108:1–9
Debnath G, Kumar S, Jain MC, Sarkar K, Sinha SK (1996) Methane emission from rice fields amended with biogas slurry and farmyard manure. Clim Chang 33(1):97–109
Delmotte S, Tittonell P, Mouret JC, Hammond R, Lopez-Ridaura S (2011) On farm assessment of rice yield variability and productivity gaps between organic and conventional cropping systems under Mediterranean climate. Eur J Agron 35:223–236
Deshpande HH, Devasenapathy P (2010) Effect of green manuring and organic manures on yield, quality and economics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under lowland condition. Karnataka J Agric Sci 23(2):235–238
Dobermann A (2004) A critical assessment of the system of rice intensification (SRI). Agric Syst 79:261–281
Eltun R (1996) The Apelsvoll cropping system experiment. III. Yield and grain quality of cereals. Norwegian J Agric Sci 10(1):7–22
Estrada-de los Santos P, Bustilios-Cristales R, Caballero-Mellado J (2001) Burkholderia, a genus rich in plant-associated nitrogen fixers with wide environmental and geographic distribution. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:2790–2798
Fageria NK, Carvalho GD, Santos AB, Ferreira EPB, Knupp AM (2011) Chemistry of lowland rice soils and nutrient availability. Comm Soil Sci Plant Anal 42:1913–1933
Foulkes MJ, Sylvester-Bradley R, Scott RK (1998) Evidence for differences between winter wheat cultivars in acquisition of soil mineral nitrogen and uptake and utilization of applied fertilizer nitrogen. J Agric Sci 130(1):29–44
Fuller RJ, Norton LR, Feber RE, Johnson PJ, Chamberlain DE, Joys AC, Mathews F, Stuart RC, Townsend MC, Manley WJ, Wolfe MS (2005) Benefits of organic farming to biodiversity vary among taxa. Biol Letters 1(4):431–434
Gathorne-Hardy A (2013) Greenhouse gas emissions from rice. Harriss–White B (Ed.) (Vol. 3)
Gonzalez L, Juan C, Soriano JM, Molto JC, Manes J (2006) Occurrence and daily intake of ochratoxin A of organic and non-organic rice and rice products. International J Food Microb 107(2):223–227
Gopinath KA, Mina BL, Kundu S, Gupta HS (2008) Influence of organic amendments on growth, yield and quality of wheat and soil properties during transition to organic production. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 82:51–60
Gosling P, Shepherd M (2005) Long-term changes in soil fertility in organic arable farming systems in England, with particular reference to phosphorus and potassium. Agric Ecosyst Environ 105:425–432
Hasegawa H, Furukawa Y, Kimura SD (2005) On-farm assessment of organic amendments effects on nutrient status and nutrient use efficiency of organic rice fields in Northeastern Japan. Agric Ecosyst Environ 108(4):350–362
Hazra KK, Chandra S (2016) Effect of extended water stress on growth, tiller mortality and nutrient recovery under system of rice intensification. Proc National Acad Sci, India Sec B: Biol Sci 86(1):105–113
Hazra KK, Venkatesh MS, Ghosh PK, Ganeshamurthy AN, Kumar N, Nadarajan N, Singh AB (2014) Long-term effect of pulse crops inclusion on soil–plant nutrient dynamics in puddled rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system on an Inceptisol of indo-Gangetic plain zone of India. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 100(1):95–110
Hoad S, Topp C, Davies K (2008) Selection of cereals for weed suppression in organic agriculture: a method based on cultivar sensitivity to weed growth. Euphytica 163(3):355–366
Hokazono S, Hayashi K (2012) Variability in environmental impacts during conversion from conventional to organic farming: a comparison among three rice production systems in Japan. J Clean Prod 28:101–112
Hole DG, Perkins AJ, Wilson JD, Alexander IH, Grice PV, Evans AD (2005) Does organic farming benefit biodiversity? Biol Conservation 122:113–130
Houghton JT, Meira Filho LG, Bruce J, Lee H, Callander BA, Haites E, Harris N, Maskell K (1995) Climate change 1994: radiative forcing and an evaluation of the IPCC IS92 emission scenarios. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Huang L, Jun YU, Jie YA, Zhang R, Yanchao BA, Chengming SU, Zhuang H (2016) Relationships between yield, quality and nitrogen uptake and utilization of organically grown rice varieties. Pedosphere 26(1):85–97
IFOAM (2013) Annual Report: our earth, our mission. http://www.ifoam.bio/sites/default/files/annual_report_2013_web.pdf
IPCC (2006) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas inventories. In: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use, Vol. 4. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
IPCC (2007) IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: The Physical Science Basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), pp. 212
Jarvis SC, Stockdale EA, Shepherd MS, Powlson DS (1996) Nitrogen mineralization in temperate agricultural soils: processes and measurement. Adv Agron 57:187–235
Jeyabal A, Kuppuswamy G (2001) Recycling of organic wastes for the production of vermicompost and its response in rice–legume cropping system and soil fertility. Euro J Agron 15(3):153–170
Juliano BO, Onate LU, del Mundo AM (1965) Relation of starch composition, protein content, and gelatinization temperature to cooking and eating qualities of milled rice. Food Technol 19:1006–1011
Kajimura T, Maeoka Y, Widiarta IN, Sudo T, Hidaka K, Nakasuji F (1993a) Effects of organic farming of rice plants on population density of leafhoppers and planthoppers. I. Population density and reproductive rate. Jpn J Appl Entomology Zoology 37:137–144
Kajimura T, Maeoka Y, Widiarta IN, Sudo T, Hidaka K, Nakasuji F (1993b) Effects of organic farming of rice plants on population density of leafhoppers and planthoppers. III. Effect of growth pattern of rice plant on the initial invasion of plant hoppers. Jpn J Appl Entomology Zoology 36:5–9
Kajimura T, Widiarta IN, Nagai K, Fujisaki K, Nakasuji F (1995) Effect of organic rice farming on planthoppers 4. Reproduction of the white backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Horváth (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Res Population Eco 37(2):219–224
Kaur M, Kaur N, Kaur M, Sandhu KS (2015) Some properties of rice grains, flour and starches: a comparison of organic and conventional modes of farming. LWT–Food Sci Tech 61(1):152–157
Kesarwani A, Chiang PY, Chen SS (2016) Rapid visco analyzer measurements of japonica rice cultivars to study interrelationship between pasting properties and farming system. Int J Agron 18:1–6. doi: 10.1155/2016/3595326
Kiritani K (2007) The impact of global warming and land-use change on the pest status of rice and fruit bugs (Heteroptera) in Japan. Glob Chang Biol 13(8):1586–1595
Kirk GJD, Santos EE, Santos MB (1999) Phosphate solubilization by organic anion excretion from rice growing in aerobic soil: rates of excretion and decomposition, effects on rhizosphere pH and effects on phosphate solubility and uptake. New Phytol 142(2):185–200
Kitazawa T, Enami Y, Kondo A, Nasu H (2011) Selecting indicator organisms for evaluating the effects of environmentally conscious farming on paddy field biota. Bull Shiga Pref Agric Tech Promo Cent (in Japanese with English summary) 50:61–98
Klahr A, Zimmermann G, Wenzel G, Mohler V (2007) Effects of environment, disease progress, plant height and heading date on the detection of QTLs for resistance to fusarium head blight in an European winter wheat cross. Euphytica 154:17–28
Kobayashi T, Takada M, Takagi S, Yoshioka A, Washitani I (2011) Spider predation on a mirid pest in Japanese rice fields. Basic Appl Eco 12(6):532–539
Kumaraswamy S, Rath AK, Satpathy SN, Ramakrishnan B, Adhya TK, Sethunathan N (1998) Influence of the insecticide carbofuran on the production and oxidation of methane in a flooded rice soil. Biol Fertil Soils 26:362–366
Lairon D (2010) Nutritional quality and safety of organic food. A review. Agron Sust Dev 30(1):33–41
Lammerts van Bueren ET, Jones SS, Tamm L, Murphy KM, Myers JR, Leifert C, Messmer MM (2011) The need to breed crop varieties suitable for organic farming, using wheat, tomato and broccoli as examples: a review. NJAS–Wageningen J Life Sci 58(3):193–205
Lammerts van Bueren ET, Struik PC, Jacobsen E (2002) Ecological concepts in organic farming and their consequences for an organic crop ideotype. NJAS–Wageningen J Life Sci 50(1):1–26
Lampkin NH (1994) Estimating the impact of widespread conversion to organic farming on land use and physical output in the United Kingdom. In: Lampkin NH, Padel S (eds) The economics of organic farming. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 343–360
Li SS, Wei SH, Zuo RL, Wei JG, Qiang S (2012) Changes in the weed seed bank over 9 consecutive years of rice–duck farming. Crop Prot 37:42–50
Li Z, Wan J, Xiao J, Yano M (2003) Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling physico-chemical properties of rice grain (Oryza sativa L.). Breeding Sci 53:209–215
Liu M, Hu F, Chen X, Huang Q, Jiao J, Zhang B, Li H (2009) Organic amendments with reduced chemical fertilizer promote soil microbial development and nutrient availability in a subtropical paddy field: the influence of quantity, type and application time of organic amendments. Appl Soil Ecol 42(2):166–175
Liu ZY, Shi WM, Fan X (1990) Rhizosphere effects of phosphorus and iron in soils. In: Transactions of the 14th international congress of soil science, vol II. Kyoto, Japan, Intern Soc Soil Sci, pp. 147–153
Löschenberger F, Fleck A, Grausgruber H, Hetzendorfer H, Hof G, Lafferty J, Birschitzky J (2008) Breeding for organic agriculture: the example of winter wheat in Austria. Euphytica 163(3):469–480
Lueck L, Schmidt CS, Cooper JM, Hall CM, Shotton PN, Leifert C (2006) Effect of organic, low-input and conventional production systems on yield and quality of winter wheat. Aspects Appl Biol 80:135–140
Lundkvist A, Salomonsson L, Karlsson L, Gustavsson AMD (2008) Effects of organic farming on weed flora composition in a long term perspective. European J Agron 28(4):570–578
Magkos F, Arvaniti F, Zampelas A (2003) Organic food: nutritious food or food for thought? A review of the evidence. Int J Food Sci Nutr 54:357–371
Makepeace JC, Oxley SJP, Havis ND, Hackett R, Burke JI, Brown JKM (2007) Associations between fungal and abiotic leaf spotting and the presence of mlo alleles in barley. Plant Path 56:934–942
Meyling NV, Hajek AE (2010) Principles from community and meta population ecology: application to fungal entomopathogens. Bio Control 55(1):39–54
Mian MH (2002) Azobiofer: a technology of production and use of Azolla as biofertiliser for irrigated rice and fish cultivation. In: Kennedy IR, Choudhury ATMA (eds) Biofertilisers in action. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Canberra, pp. 45–54
Mishra K, Singh K, Tripathi CP (2015) Organic farming of rice crop and management of infestation of Leptocoryza varicornis through combined effect of vermiwash with biopesticides. Res J Sci Tech 7(4):205–211
Mittra BN, Karmakar S, Swain DK, Ghosh BC (2005) Fly ash—a potential source of soil amendment and a component of integrated plant nutrient supply system. Fuel 84(11):1447–1451
Møller HB, Sommer SG, Ahring BK (2004) Methane productivity of manure and soild fraction of manure. Biomass Bioenergy 26(5):485–495
Monaco S, Hatch DJ, Sacco D, Bertora C, Grignan C (2008) Changes in chemical and biochemical soil properties induced by 11-yr repeated additions of different organic materials in maize–based forage systems. Soil Biol Biochem 40:608–615
Murmu K, Ghosh BC, Swain DK (2013) Yield and quality of tomato grown under organic and conventional nutrient management. Arch Agron Soil Sci 59(10):1311–1321
Murphy KM, Campbell KG, Lyon SR, Jones SS (2007) Evidence of varietal adaptation to organic farming systems. Field Crops Res 102(3):172–177
Nakagawa S, Tamura Y, Ogata Y (2000) Comparison of rice grain qualities as influenced by organic and conventional farming systems. Japanese J crop Sci 69(1):31–37
Nakajima T, Kawata K, Kawai F (1993) Chemical characteristics of paddy field soils of nature and neighboring conventional farming. Ann Rep Interdisciplinary Res Inst Environ Sci 12:23–28
Neeson, R. (2005). Organic rice production–improving system sustainability. Final research report (P2107FR06/05) ISBN 1876903333
Nelson GC (Ed.) (2009). Agriculture and climate change: an agenda for negotiation in Copenhagen (Vol. 16). Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Nguyen Van Q, Sharma SN, Gautam RC (2002) Comparative study of organic and traditional farming for sustainable rice production. Omon rice 10:74–78
Olesen JE, Askegaard M, Rasmussen IA (2009) Winter cereal yields as affected by animal manure and green manure in organic arable farming. Eur J Agron 30:119–128
Pandi GPG, Soumia PS, Thava Prakasa Pandian, R (2013) Organic basmati rice cultivation. Popular Kheti Volume − 1, Issue–4
Pathak H, Prasad S, Bhatia A, Singh S, Kumar S, Singh J, Jain MC (2003) Methane emission from rice–wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic plain in relation to irrigation FYM and DCD application. Agric Ecosyst Environ 97(1):309–316
Prasad R (2005) Organic farming vis-à-vis modern agriculture. Current Sci 89(2):252
Preston S (2003) Organic rice production http://www.attra.ncat.org/attra–pub/PDF/rice.pdf
Primo E, Casas A, Barber S, Barber CB (1962) Factores de calidad del arroz. VI. Influencia de las proteinas sobre la calidad de coccion. Proteinas en la capa extern. Rev Agroquim Technol Alimentos 2:135
Qin Y, Liu S, Guo Y, Liu Q, Zou J (2010) Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from organic and conventional rice cropping systems in Southeast China. Biol Fert Soils 46(8):825–834
Rahmawati A, De Neve S, Purwanto BH (2015) N2O–N emissions from organic and conventional Paddy fields from central java, Indonesia. Procedia Environ Sci 28:606–612
Raja W, Rathaur P, John SA, Ramteke PW (2012) Azolla–anabaena association and its significance in supportable agriculture. Hacettepe J Biol Chem 40(1):1–6
Rasool R, Kukal SS, Hira GS (2007) Soil physical fertility and crop performance as affected by long term application of FYM and inorganic fertilizers in rice–wheat system. Soil Tillage Res 96(1):64–72
Rautaray SK, Ghosh BC, Mittra BN (2003) Effect of fly ash, organic wastes and chemical fertilizers on yield, nutrient uptake, heavy metal content and residual fertility in a rice–mustard cropping sequence under acid lateritic soils. Biores Techn 90(3):275–283
Robertson GP, Groffman PM (2015) Nitrogen transformations. In: Paul EA (ed) Soil microbiology, ecology and biochemistry, Fourth edn. Academic Press, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 421–446
Sacco D, Moretti B, Monaco S, Grignani C (2015) Six–year transition from conventional to organic farming: effects on crop production and soil quality. Eur J Agron 69:10–20
Saha S, Gopinath KA, Mina BL, Kundu S, Bhattacharyya R, Gupta HS (2010) Expression of soil chemical and biological behavior on nutritional quality of aromatic rice as influenced by organic and mineral fertilization. Comm Soil Sci Plant Anal 41(15):1816–1831
Saha S, Pandey AK, Gopinath KA, Bhattacharaya R, Kundu S, Gupta HS (2007) Nutritional quality of organic rice grown on organic composts. Agron Sust Dev 27(3):223–229
Sarkar S, Singh SR, Singh RP (2003) The effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil physical condition and the productivity of a rice–lentil cropping sequence in India. J Agric Sci 140(4):419–425
Schmidt-Rohr K, Mao JD, Olk DC (2004) Nitrogen-bonded aromatics in soil organic matter and their implications for a yield decline in intensive rice cropping. Proceedings of the National Acad Sci United States Am 101(17):6351–6354
Shiga H, Ooyama N, Suzuki M, Maeda K, Suzuki K (1985) The effect of organic matter management in paddy fields on the accumulation of organic matter, or on the nitrogen sources in soils and growth of rice. Bulletin National Agric Res Center 5:21–38
Singh Y, Dobermann A, Singh B, Bronson KF, Khind CS (2000) Optimal phosphorus management strategies for wheat–rice cropping on a loamy sand. Soil Sci Soc America J 64:1413–1422
Singh Y, Singh B, Timsina J (2005) Crop residue management for nutrient cycling and improving soil productivity in rice based cropping systems in the tropics. Adv Agron 85:269–407
Singh YV, Singh BV, Pabbi S, Singh PK (2007) Impact of organic farming on yield and quality of basmati rice and soil properties. Paper presented at Zwischen Tradition und Globalisierung - 9, Wissenschaftstagung Ökologischer Landbau, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Deutschland, 20–23 March 2007. http://orgprints.org/9783/
Sistani KR, Sikora FJ, Rasnake M (2008) Poultry bitter and tillage influences oncorn production and soil nutrients in a Kentucky silt loam soil. Soil Tillage Res 98:130–139
Smith HG, Dänhardt J, Lindström Å, Rundlöf M (2010) Consequences of organic farming and landscape heterogeneity for species richness and abundance of farmland birds. Oecologia 162(4):1071–1079
Stockdale EA, Lampkin NH, Hovi M, Keatinge R, Lennartsson EK, Macdonald DW, Padel S, Tattersall FH, Wolfe MS, Watson CA (2001) Agronomic and environmental implications of organic farming systems. Adv Agron 70:261–327
Stockdale EA, Shepherd MA, Fortune S, Cuttle SP (2002) Soil fertility in organic farming systems–fundamentally different? Soil Use Manag 18(S1):301–308
Suh J (2015) Communitarian cooperative organic rice farming in Hongdong District, South Korea. J Rural Studies 37:29–37
Surekha K, Jhansilakshmi V, Somasekhar N, Latha PC, Kumar RM, Rani NS, Rao KV, Viraktamath BC (2010) Status of organic farming and research experiences in rice. Europe 7(1.87):10–12
Takada MB, Yoshioka A, Takagi S, Iwabuchi S, Washitani I (2012) Multiple spatial scale factors affecting mirid bug abundance and damage level in organic rice paddies. Biol Control 60(2):169–174
Tamaki M, Nakagawa S (1997) The effect of years after the conversion to organic management on soil chemical properties of paddy soils. Agric Hort 72:516–518 (in Japanese)
Tamaki M, Ebata M, Tashiro T, Ishikawa M (1989) Physicochemical studies on quality formation of rice kernel. II. Changes in quality of rice kernel during grain development. Jpn J Crop Sci 58:659–663
Tindall KV, Williams BJ, Stout MJ, Geaghan JP, Leonard BR, Webster EP (2005) Yield components and quality of rice in response to graminaceous weed density and rice stink bug populations. Crop Prot 24(11):991–998
Tran Van V, Berge O, Ke SN, Balandreau J, Heulin T (2000) Repeated beneficial effects of rice inoculation with a strain of Burkholderia vietnamiensis on early and late yield components in low fertility sulphate acid soils of Vietnam. Plant Soil 218:273–284
Trisnawati DW, Tsukamoto T, Yasuda H (2015) Indirect effects of nutrients in organic and conventional paddy field soils on the rice grasshopper, Oxya japonica (Orthoptera: Acrididae), mediated by rice plant nutrients. Appl Entomology Zoology 50(1):99–107
US–EPA (2006) Global anthropogenic non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions: 1990–2020. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, p. 269
Usman M, Ehsaan U, Warriach EA, Farooq M, Amir L (2003) Effect of organic and inorganic manures on growth and yield of rice variety basmati 2000. Int J Agric Biol 5:481–483
Van Bruggen AH, Gamliel A, Finckh MR (2016) Plant disease management in organic farming systems. Pest Manag Sci 72(1):30–44
Van Quyen N, Sharma SN (2003) Relative effect of organic and conventional farming on growth, yield and grain quality of scented rice and soil fertility. Arch Agron Soil Sci 49(6):623–629
Vandamme P, Goris J, Wen-Ming C, de Paul V, Willems A (2002) Burkholderia tuberum sp. nov. and Burkholderia phymatum sp. nov., nodulate the roots of tropical legumes. System Appl Microbiol 25:507–512
Venkateswarlu B, Balloli SS, Ramakrishna YS (2008) Organic farming in rainfed agriculture: opportunities and constraints. Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad
Verma V, Worland AJ, Sayers EJ, Fish L, Caligari PDS, Snape JW (2005) Identification and characterization of quantitative trait loci related to lodging resistance and associated traits in bread wheat. Plant Breed 124:234–241
Walz E (1999) Final results of the third biennial national organic farmers' survey. Organic Farming Research Foundation, 126 pages
Wheeler SA (2008) What influences agricultural professionals' views towards organic agriculture? Ecol economics 65(1):145–154
Wild PL, van Kessel C, Lundberg J, Linquist BA (2011) Nitrogen availability from poultry litter and pelletized organic amendments for organic rice production. Agron J 103(4):1284–1291
Wilson AL, Watts RJ, Stevens MM (2008) Effect of different management regimes on aquatic macro invertebrate diversity in Australian rice fields. Ecol Res 23:565–572
Wolfe MS, Baresel JP, Desclaux D, Goldringer I, Hoad S, Kovacs G, Löschenberger F, Miedaner T, Østergård H, Van Bueren EL (2008) Developments in breeding cereals for organic agriculture. Euphytica 163(3):323–346
Worthington V (2001) Nutritional quality of organic versus conventional fruits, vegetables and grains. J Alter Comp Med 7:161–173
Xu H, Cai ZC, Jia ZJ, Tsuruta H (2000) Effect of land management in winter crop season on CH4 emission during the following flooded and rice growing period. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 58:327–332
Xu MG, Li DC, Li JM, Qin DZ, Kazuyuki Y, Hosen Y (2008) Effects of organic manure application with chemical fertilizers on nutrient absorption and yield of rice in Hunan of Southern China. Agric Sci China 7(10):1245–1252
Yagi K, Minami K (1990) Effect of organic matter application on methane emission from some Japanese paddy fields. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 36(4):599–610
Zhang SY, Zhang JG, Jin JD, Guo XM, Quan CZ, Yanshi ZS, Xu HL, Harakawa T (2005) Environmental impact of organic farming on the yield composition and quality of rice production. J Jilin Agr Sci (in Chinese) 30:13–16
Zheng J, Zhang X, Li L, Zhang P, Pan G (2007) Effect of long-term fertilization on C mineralization and production of CH4 and CO2 under anaerobic incubation from bulk samples and particle size fractions of a typical paddy soil. Agric Ecosyst Environ 120:129–138