Ung thư miệng ở người sử dụng Khat: Tìm kiếm bằng chứng từ phân tích DNA các đột biến của chín gen liên quan đến ung thư

BMC Oral Health - Tập 21 - Trang 1-9 - 2021
Sawsan Abdullah Alshahrani1, Wedad Saeed Al-Qahtani2, Nawaf Abdulrahman Almufareh3, Dalia Mostafa Domiaty4, Gadah Ibraheem Albasher5, Fatmah Ahmed Safhi6, Fatima Abdullah AlQassim7, Mashael Alhumaidi Alotaibi8, Tahani Mohamed Al-Hazani9, Bassam Ahmed Almutlaq10
1Ministry of National Guard and Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
3Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Preventive Dental Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
4College of Science, Department of Biology, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
5Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
6Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
7Regional Laboratory and Blood Bank, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
8Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
9Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
10College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia

Tóm tắt

Lá Khat chứa alkaloid cathinone. Nghiên cứu cho thấy Khat có thể gây ra độc tố, đột biến, cũng như tính gây ung thư. Hai nhóm đã được xác định là người lạm dụng Khat và được phân loại theo thời gian lạm dụng và chẩn đoán ung thư biểu mô tế bào vảy miệng (OSCC). Ở đây, 41 người tham gia từ Nhóm 2 là người sử dụng Khat ngắn hạn, và 42 người tham gia là người sử dụng Khat dài hạn. Nhóm đối chứng bao gồm 30 cá nhân khỏe mạnh. Các exon mã hóa bao gồm chín gen liên quan đến ung thư và đã được phân tích. Nghiên cứu mô bệnh lý được tiến hành với nhuộm H&E cùng với biểu hiện protein TP53 bằng cách thực hiện phân tích miễn dịch mô học. Ở đây, 41 người sử dụng Khat ngắn hạn mang bảy đột biến soma trong bốn trong số chín gen liên quan đến ung thư: 29/41(70.73%) ARID1A, 24/41(58.53%) MLH1, 34/41(82.92%) PIK3CA và 36/41(87.80%) TP53. 42 người sử dụng Khat dài hạn có chín đột biến soma trong năm trong số chín gen liên quan đến ung thư: 40/42(95.23%) ARID1A, 36/42(85.71%) ARID2, 29/42(69.04%) PIK3CA, 27/42(64.28%) MLH1, và 35/42(83.33%) TP53. Mỗi người sử dụng Khat đều có các đột biến soma liên quan đến OSCC ảnh hưởng đến lợi và môi dưới. Biểu hiện protein TP53 được xác nhận trong tất cả các kiểm tra miễn dịch mô miệng. Ung thư cũng dương tính trong phân tích mô học. Khat là một loại cây gây đột biến và ung thư đã gây ra OSCC ở những người sử dụng Khat ngắn hạn (<15 năm sử dụng) và dài hạn (>15 năm sử dụng).

Từ khóa

#Khat #ung thư biểu mô tế bào vảy miệng #đột biến gen #histopathology #TP53

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