Open Source Software and the “Private-Collective” Innovation Model: Issues for Organization Science

Organization Science - Tập 14 Số 2 - Trang 209-223 - 2003
Eric von Hippel1,2,3, Georg von Krogh1,2,3
1Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) INFORMS is located in Maryland, USA
2Institute of Management, University of St. Gallen, Dufourstrasse 48, CH-9010 St. Gallen, Switzerland
3Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141

Tóm tắt

Currently, two models of innovation are prevalent in organization science. The “private investment” model assumes returns to the innovator result from private goods and efficient regimes of intellectual property protection. The “collective action” model assumes that under conditions of market failure, innovators collaborate in order to produce a public good. The phenomenon of open source software development shows that users program to solve their own as well as shared technical problems, and freely reveal their innovations without appropriating private returns from selling the software. In this paper, we propose that open source software development is an exemplar of a compound “private-collective” model of innovation that contains elements of both the private investment and the collective action models and can offer society the “best of both worlds” under many conditions. We describe a new set of research questions this model raises for scholars in organization science. We offer some details regarding the types of data available for open source projects in order to ease access for researchers who are unfamiliar with these, and also offer some advice on conducting empirical studies on open source software development processes.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Aldrich H., 1999, Organizations Evolving

10.1016/0167-2681(83)90023-9

10.1515/9781400879762-024

Arthur W. B., 1997, Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy, 133

Audretsch D. B., 1996, Amer. Econom. Rev., 86, 630

10.1007/s001910050076

10.1287/isre.12.2.195.9699

Axelrod R., 1984, The Evolution of Cooperation

10.1111/j.1533-8525.1993.tb00387.x

10.1086/227763

Coleman J., 1973, The Mathematics of Collective Action

10.1177/1043463195007002008

10.1287/orsc.7.5.477

10.1016/0048-7333(92)90005-O

10.1086/467962

Demsetz H., 1967, Amer. Econom. Rev., 57, 347

10.1017/CBO9781139163620

Eyerman R., 1991, Social Movements: A Cognitive Approach

10.1162/003355399556151

Fireman B., 1979, The Dynamics of Social Movements

Friedman D., 1992, Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, 156

Frolich N., 1971, Political Leadership and Collective Goods

Glaser B., 1967, The Discovery of Grounded Theory

10.1080/019722497129061

10.1002/bs.3830160507

Hardin R. R., 1982, Collective Action, 10.56021/9780801828188

10.1177/104346398010002004

Himanen P., 2001, The Hacker Ethic

Koch S., Schneider G. Results from software engineering research into open source development projects using public data. (2000) . Work paper, University of Economics and Business Administration, Vienna, Austria

10.1093/oxrep/17.2.248

Kohanski D., 1998, Moths in the Machine

10.2307/2534454

Levy Steven, 1984, Hackers

10.1002/smj.4250171109

10.1017/CBO9780511663765

10.1287/orsc.6.6.603

10.1086/226464

10.2307/2094134

Melucci A., 1999, Challenging Codes: Collective Action in the Information Age

Merton R. K., Storer N. W. The sociology of science: Theoretical and empirical investigations. (1973) (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL)

10.1111/1540-5885.1240294

Moerke K. A., 2000, Minnesota Law Rev., 84, 1007

10.1287/orsc.9.3.411

10.5210/fm.v5i11.801

10.1287/mnsc.46.12.1513.12076

10.1086/227168

10.2307/2095728

Olson M., 1967, The Logic of Collective Action

10.1287/orsc.11.5.538.15204

10.2307/2585925

Pavlicek R. C., 2000, Embracing Insanity: Open Source Software Development

Rabin M., 1993, Amer. Econom. Rev., 83, 1281

10.1080/0022250X.1988.9990037

10.1007/s12130-999-1026-0

Raymond E., 1999, The Hacker's New Dictionary

10.1023/A:1006946310119

10.2307/2110212

10.1147/sj.374.0552

10.2307/1061532

10.2307/2952083

Schwartz M., 1992, Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, 205

10.1016/S0022-5428(96)90004-6

Snow D. A., 1992, Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, 133

10.2307/2094895

Stephan P., 1996, J. Econom. Literature, 1199

Stroup R. L., 2000, Independent Rev., 4, 485

10.2307/2786940

Tajfel H., 1982, Social Identity and Integroup Relations

Tajfel H., 1979, The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations

Taylor C. T., 1973, The Economic Impact of the Patent System: A Study of the British Experience

Taylor M., 1989, Rationality and Revolution, 63

10.1177/0032329293021002004

von Hippel E., 1988, The Sources of Innovation

10.1287/mnsc.44.5.629

von Hippel E., 2001, Sloan Management Rev.

10.2307/41165947

10.1016/S0963-8687(02)00006-9

10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00050-7

Wayner P., 2000, Free for All

10.1017/CBO9780511803932

Wenger E., 2000, Sloan Management Rev., 41

10.1145/358916.359004

10.1287/orsc.7.3.243

Zald M., 1992, Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, 326

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Organization Science

Tập 14 Số 2

209-223

Thông tin tác giả