Ochratoxin A: Tổng quan về độc tính và khả năng gây ung thư ở động vật và con người

Molecular Nutrition and Food Research - Tập 51 Số 1 - Trang 61-99 - 2007
Annie Pfohl‐Leszkowicz1, Richard A. Manderville2
1Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR CNRS/INPT/UPS 5503, INP/ENSA Toulouse, Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
2Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada

Tóm tắt

Ochratoxin A (OTA) là một loại mycotoxin phổ biến được sản xuất bởi nấm trong các sản phẩm thực phẩm nếu lưu trữ không đúng cách. OTA có độc tính đối với thận và được nghi ngờ là tác nhân nguyên nhân chính gây bệnh thận khu vực Balkan (BEN) ở người và các khối u đường tiết niệu liên quan. Có những điểm tương đồng đáng chú ý giữa bệnh thận do OTA gây ra ở lợn và BEN ở người. Tổ chức Nghiên cứu Ung thư Quốc tế (IARC) đã phân loại OTA là một chất có thể gây ung thư ở người (nhóm 2B). Hiện tại, cơ chế gây ung thư của OTA vẫn chưa được biết. OTA là chất genotoxico sau quá trình chuyển hóa oxy hóa. Hoạt động này được cho là đóng vai trò trung tâm trong quá trình sinh ung thư do OTA và có thể được phân loại thành các cơ chế tác động trực tiếp (gắn vào DNA bằng liên kết cộng hóa trị) và gián tiếp (tổn thương DNA do oxy hóa). Bằng chứng cho cơ chế genotoxico trực tiếp đã được thu thập từ xét nghiệm nhãn P-32 nhạy cảm. OTA tạo ra các adduct DNA đặc hiệu cho guanine cả trong ống nghiệm và ở thận chuột và lợn khi dùng đường uống, một adduct cùng di chuyển với tiêu chuẩn adduct C8-dG OTA liên kết với carbon (C) tổng hợp. Trong bài viết này, chúng tôi sẽ xem xét những hiểu biết hiện tại về độc tính và khả năng gây ung thư của OTA. Những bằng chứng có sẵn cho thấy OTA là một chất gây ung thư genotoxic thông qua việc hình thành các tổn thương DNA do oxy hóa kết hợp với các adduct DNA trực tiếp thông qua sự hình thành quinone. Cơ chế tác động này cần được sử dụng để thiết lập mức tiêu thụ OTA chấp nhận được từ các nguồn thực phẩm con người.

Từ khóa

#Ochratoxin A #độc tính #khả năng gây ung thư #bệnh thận #mycotoxin

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