Oceanic plateau formation: a cause of mass extinction and black shale deposition around the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary?

Journal of the Geological Society - Tập 155 Số 4 - Trang 619-626 - 1998
Andrew C. Kerr1
1Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK (e-mail:#N#[email protected])

Tóm tắt

The Cenomanian–Turonian boundary (90.4 Ma) represents a major period of worldwide environmental disturbance. The physical manifestations of this are: elevated atmospheric and oceanic temperatures; a significant sea-level transgression; and a period of widespread anoxia, leading to the formation of oceanic black shales, and the extinction of 26% of all genera. Elevated δ 13 C values and enrichment of trace elements in Cenomanian–Turonian boundary sediments, combined with a reduction in 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, also imply a severe environmental perturbation. At this time oceanic crustal production rates reached their highest level of the last 100 million years. This was principally caused by extensive melting of hot mantle plumes at the base of the oceanic lithosphere, and the development of vast areas (up to 1×10 6 km 2 ) of thickened oceanic crust in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The anomalous volcanism associated with the formation of these oceanic plateaux may have been responsible for the environmental disturbances c. 90 Ma. These eruptions would also have resulted in the emission of large quantities of CO 2 into the atmosphere, leading to global warming. Additionally, the emission of SO 2 , H 2 S, CO 2 and halogens into the oceans would have made seawater more acidic resulting in the dissolution of carbonate, and further release of CO 2 This run-away greenhouse effect was probably put into reverse, by the decline of the anomalous volcanic activity, and by increased (CO 2 -driven) productivity in oceanic surface waters,leading to increased organic carbon burial, black shale deposition, anoxia and mass extinction in the ocean basins

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1029/95RG00551

10.1126/science.208.4448.1095

10.1016/0016-7037(82)90208-3

Arthur M.A., Dean W.E., Schlanger S.OVariations in the global carbon cycle during the Cretaceous related to climate, volcanism and changes in atmospheric CO2American Geophysical Union Monograph198532504529

Arthur M.A., Schlanger S.O., Jenkyns H.C., Brooks J., Fleet A.J.The Cenomanian-Turonian oceanic anoxic event, II. Palaeoceanographic controls on organic-matter production and preservation Marine Petroleum Source Rocks198726LondonGeological Society401420Special Publications

10.1016/0012-8252(83)90001-6

10.1126/science.213.4503.47

Bralower T.J.Cenomanian–Turonian oceanic anoxic event: Local perturbations on a global themeBulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists198872165166

10.1016/0016-7037(87)90265-1

10.1016/0016-7037(93)90089-F

10.1029/91GL01237

10.1086/629605

10.1029/93RG02508

10.1111/j.1365-246X.1986.tb01973.x

DeBoer P.L., Summerhayes C.P., Shackleton N.J.Changes in organic carbon burial during the Early CretaceousNorth Atlantic Palaeoceanography198621London Geological Society321331Special Publication

Duncan R.A., Weissel J., Peirce J., Taylor E., Alt J., et al.Age distribution of volcanism along aseismic ridges in the eastern Indian OceanProceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Leg 1211991College Station, TexasOcean Drilling Program 507517

Duncan R.A., Hargraves R.B., Bonini W.E., Hargraves R.B., Shagam R.Plate tectonic evolution of the Caribbean region in the mantle reference frameThe Caribbean–South America Plate Boundary and Regional Tectonics1984162Geological Society of America8193Memoirs

10.1139/e92-181

10.1126/science.238.4831.1237

Hallam A.The case for sea-level change as a dominant causal factor in mass extinction of marine invertebratesPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London1989B325437455

Harland W.B., Armstrong R.L., Cox A.V., Craig L.E., Smith A.G., Smith D.G.A Geologic Timescale 19891990Cambridge University Press

10.1111/j.1365-3121.1991.tb00866.x

Herbin J.P., Montadert L., Muller C., Gomez R., Thurow J., Wiedmann J., Summerhayes C.P., Shackleton N.J.Organic-rich sedimentation at the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary in oceanic and coastal basins in the North Atlantic and TethysNorth Atlantic Palaeoceanography198721LondonGeological Society389422Special Publications

10.1016/0195-6671(88)90003-1

10.1144/gsjgs.137.2.0171

10.1016/0031-0182(94)90347-6

10.1111/j.1365-3121.1994.tb00510.x

10.1016/0024-4937(95)00039-9

10.1093/petroj/38.6.677

Kerr A.C., Tarney J., Marriner G.F., Nivia A., Saunders A.D., Mahoney J.J., Coffin M.The Caribbean-Colombian Cretaceous igneous province: the internal anatomy of an oceanic plateauLarge Igneous Provinces1997a100123144American Geophysical Union Monographs

Kroenke L.W.Origin of continents through development and coalescence of oceanic flood basalt plateausEOS197455443

10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0963:GCOS>2.3.CO;2

10.1007/BFb0011133

10.1007/BF01167284

10.1029/GM077p0233

10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.14

10.1016/0024-4937(93)90042-B

Orth C.J., Attrep M., Quintana L.R., Sharpton V.L., Ward P.D.Iridium abundance patterns across bio-event horizons in the fossil recordGlobal Catastrophes in Earth History1990247Geological Society of America 4559Special Papers

10.1016/0012-821X(93)90126-T

Owen H.G.Atlas of continental displacement, 200 million years to the present1983Cambridge University Press

10.1126/science.269.5229.1413

Saunders A.D., Storey M., Kent R.W., Norry M.J., Storey B.C., Alabaster T., Pankhurst R.J.Consequences of plume-lithosphere interactionsMagmatism and the Causes of Continental Break-up199268LondonGeological Society4160Special Publications

10.2475/ajs.283.6.510

Schlanger S.O., Arthur M.A., Jenkyns H.C., Scholle P.A., Brooks J., Fleet A.J.The Cenomanian–Turonian oceanic anoxic event, I. Stratigraphy and distribution of organic carbon-rich beds and the marine δ13C excursionMarine Petroleum Source Rocks198726LondonGeological Society371399Special Publications

10.1016/0012-821X(81)90196-5

Sepkoski J.J., Raup D., Japlonski D.Phanerozoic overview of mass extinctionPattern and Processes in the history of life1986BerlinSpringer-Verlag277295

Sepkoski J.J., Sharpton V.L., Ward P.D.The taxonomic structure of mass extinctionGlobal Catastrophes in Earth History1990247Geological Society of America 3344Special Papers

10.1126/science.267.5199.852

Summerhayes C.P., Brooks J., Fleet A.J.Organic-rich Cretaceous sediments from the North AtlanticMarine Petroleum Source Rocks198726LondonGeological Society301316Special Publications

10.1093/petrology/37.2.361

10.1007/s004450050136

10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<1225:VUOANR>2.3.CO;2

White R.S.Melt production rates in mantle plumesPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London1993A342137153

Wilde P., Quinby-Hunt M.S., Berry B.N., Kauffman E.G., Walliser O.H.Vertical advection from oxic or anoxic water from the pycnocline as a cause of rapid extinction or rapid radiationsExtinction Events in Earth History. Lecture Notes in Earth Science199030HeidelbergSpringer8597

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of the Geological Society

Tập 155 Số 4

619-626

Thông tin tác giả