Hành Vi Được Quan Sát Trong Lớp Học Của Trẻ Em Bị ADHD: Mối Quan Hệ Với Giới Tính Và Các Tình Trạng Đồng Thời

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology - Tập 30 - Trang 349-359 - 2002
Howard B. Abikoff1, Peter S. Jensen2, L. L. Eugene Arnold3, Betsy Hoza4, Lily Hechtman5, Simcha Pollack6, Diane Martin7, Jose Alvir, John S. March8, Stephen Hinshaw9, Benedetto Vitiello10, Jeffrey Newcorn11, Andrew Greiner12, Dennis P. Cantwell, C. Keith Conners, Glen Elliott13, Laurence L. Greenhill, Helena Kraemer14, William E. Pelham15, Joanne B. Severe, James M. Swanson16, Karen Wells, Tim Wigal
1New York University School of Medicine, New York
2New York State Psychiatric Institute/, Columbia University, New York
3Ohio State University, Columbus
4Purdue University, Lafayette
5McGill University, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, Canada
6St. Johns University, Queens
7Nassau Community College, Garden City
8Duke University Medical Center, Durham
9University of California, Berkeley, California
10National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville
11Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York
12University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
13University of California, San Francisco, California
14Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
15State University of New York, Buffalo
16University of California, Irvine, California

Tóm tắt

Nghiên cứu sự khác biệt về giới tính và các tình trạng đồng thời được giả thuyết trong hành vi trên lớp học của trẻ em mắc rối loạn tăng động giảm chú ý (ADHD). Hành vi của 403 bé trai và 99 bé gái mắc ADHD, độ tuổi từ 7-10, đã được so sánh (a) với các chuẩn mực hành vi trên lớp học theo giới tính được quan sát, (b) theo giới tính, và (c) theo các nhóm phụ mắc đồng thời. Các bé trai và bé gái mắc ADHD đã có sự sai lệch đáng kể so với các chuẩn mực trên lớp học ở 15/16 và 13/16 loại hành vi tương ứng. So với các bé gái đối chứng, các bé gái mắc ADHD có tỷ lệ hành vi hung hăng bằng lời khá cao đối với trẻ khác. Các bé trai mắc ADHD tham gia vào nhiều hành vi vi phạm quy tắc và hành vi biểu hiện hơn các bé gái mắc ADHD, nhưng hai giới không có sự khác biệt về những hành vi “trung tính” và không gây chú ý. Sự khác biệt về giới tính này phù hợp với lý do giải thích tại sao các bé gái mắc ADHD được nhận diện và giới thiệu muộn hơn các bé trai. Trái với giả thuyết, sự hiện diện của rối loạn lo âu đồng thời (ANX) không liên quan đến sự kìm nén hành vi; tuy nhiên, như đã được giả thuyết, trẻ em có rối loạn hành vi phá phách đồng thời (DBD) có tỷ lệ vi phạm quy tắc và hành vi bốc đồng, hung hăng cao hơn so với trẻ em chỉ bị ADHD và những trẻ có ADHD+ANX. Tỷ lệ hành vi ADHD cao hơn cũng được quan sát ở trẻ em có DBD đồng thời, cho thấy rằng những hành vi này thực sự tồn tại và gợi ý rằng các báo cáo về tỷ lệ ADHD cao hơn ở nhóm này không chỉ đơn thuần là hậu quả của các ảnh hưởng tiêu cực và thiên lệch của người đánh giá.

Từ khóa

#ADHD #hành vi trên lớp học #giới tính #rối loạn hành vi phá phách #rối loạn lo âu đồng thời

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