Obesity genomics: assessing the transferability of susceptibility loci across diverse populations
Tóm tắt
The prevalence of obesity has nearly doubled worldwide over the past three decades, but substantial differences exist between nations. Although these differences are partly due to the degree of westernization, genetic factors also contribute. To date, little is known about whether the same genes contribute to obesity-susceptibility in populations of different ancestry. We review the transferability of obesity-susceptibility loci (identified by genome-wide association studies) using both single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and locus-wide comparisons. SNPs in FTO and near MC4R, obesity-susceptibility loci first identified in Europeans, replicate widely across other ancestries. SNP-to-SNP comparisons suggest that more than half of the 36 body mass index-associated loci are shared across European and East Asian ancestry populations, whereas locus-wide analyses suggest that the transferability might be even more extensive. Furthermore, by taking advantage of differences in haplotype structure, populations of different ancestries can help to narrow down loci, thereby pinpointing causal genes for functional follow-up. Larger-scale genetic association studies in ancestrally diverse populations will be needed for in-depth and locus-wide analyses aimed at determining, with greater confidence, the transferability of loci and allowing fine-mapping. Understanding similarities and differences in genetic susceptibility across populations of diverse ancestries might eventually contribute to a more targeted prevention and customized treatment of obesity.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Finucane MM, Stevens GA, Cowan MJ, Danaei G, Lin JK, Paciorek CJ, Singh GM, Gutierrez HR, Lu Y, Bahalim AN, Farzadfar F, Riley LM, Ezzati M, Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group (Body Mass Index): National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9.1 million participants. Lancet. 2011, 377: 557-567. 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62037-5.
Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Ogden CL: Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010. JAMA. 2012, 307: 491-497. 10.1001/jama.2012.39.
Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM: Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA. 2006, 295: 1549-1555. 10.1001/jama.295.13.1549.
International Association for the Study of Obesity. [http://www.iaso.org/resources/obesity-data-portal/resources/trends/]
Ng SW, Popkin BM: Time use and physical activity: a shift away from movement across the globe. Obes Rev. 2012, 13: 659-680. 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00982.x.
Popkin BM, Adair LS, Ng SW: Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries. Nutr Rev. 2012, 70: 3-21. 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00456.x.
Elks CE, den Hoed M, Zhao JH, Sharp SJ, Wareham NJ, Loos RJ, Ong KK: Variability in the heritability of body mass index: a systematic review and meta-regression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2012, 3: 29-
Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ, Saad MF, Charles MA, Nelson RG, Howard BV, Bogardus C, Bennett PH: Obesity in the Pima Indians: its magnitude and relationship with diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991, 53: 1543S-1551S.
Cossrow N, Falkner B: Race/ethnic issues in obesity and obesity-related comorbidities. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89: 2590-2594. 10.1210/jc.2004-0339.
Rankinen T, Zuberi A, Chagnon YC, Weisnagel SJ, Argyropoulos G, Walts B, Pérusse L, Bouchard C: The human obesity gene map: the 2005 update. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006, 14: 529-644. 10.1038/oby.2006.71.
Loos RJF: Genetics determinants of adiposity. Adipose Tissue Biology. Edited by: Symonds ME. 2012, New York: Springer, 317-378.
Hindorff LA, Junkins HA, Hall PN, Mehta JP, Manolio TA: A Catalog of Published Genome-wide Association Studies. [http://www.genome.gov/gwastudies/]
Hindorff LA, Sethupathy P, Junkins HA, Ramos EM, Mehta JP, Collins FS, Manolio TA: Potential etiologic and functional implications of genome-wide association loci for human diseases and traits. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009, 106: 9362-9367. 10.1073/pnas.0903103106.
Frayling TM, Timpson NJ, Weedon MN, Zeggini E, Freathy RM, Lindgren CM, Perry JR, Elliott KS, Lango H, Rayner NW, Shields B, Harries LW, Barrett JC, Ellard S, Groves CJ, Knight B, Patch AM, Ness AR, Ebrahim S, Lawlor DA, Ring SM, Ben-Shlomo Y, Jarvelin MR, Sovio U, Bennett AJ, Melzer D, Ferrucci L, Loos RJ, Barroso I, Wareham NJ, et al: A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity. Science. 2007, 316: 889-894. 10.1126/science.1141634.
Scuteri A, Sanna S, Chen WM, Uda M, Albai G, Strait J, Najjar S, Nagaraja R, Orrú M, Usala G, Dei M, Lai S, Maschio A, Busonero F, Mulas A, Ehret GB, Fink AA, Weder AB, Cooper RS, Galan P, Chakravarti A, Schlessinger D, Cao A, Lakatta E, Abecasis GR: Genome-wide association scan shows genetic variants in the FTO gene are associated with obesity-related traits. PLos Genet. 2007, 3: e115-10.1371/journal.pgen.0030115.
Loos RJ, Lindgren CM, Li S, Wheeler E, Zhao JH, Prokopenko I, Inouye M, Freathy RM, Attwood AP, Beckmann JS, Berndt SI, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO)Cancer Screening Trial, Jacobs KB, Chanock SJ, Hayes RB, Bergmann S, Bennett AJ, Bingham SA, Bochud M, Brown M, Cauchi S, Connell JM, Cooper C, Smith GD, Day I, Dina C, De S, Dermitzakis ET, Doney AS, Elliott KS, et al: Common variants near MC4R are associated with fat mass, weight and risk of obesity. Nat Genet. 2008, 40: 768-775. 10.1038/ng.140.
Willer CJ, Speliotes EK, Loos RJ, Li S, Lindgren CM, Heid IM, Berndt SI, Elliott AL, Jackson AU, Lamina C, Lettre G, Lim N, Lyon HN, McCarroll SA, Papadakis K, Qi L, Randall JC, Roccasecca RM, Sanna S, Scheet P, Weedon MN, Wheeler E, Zhao JH, Jacobs LC, Prokopenko I, Soranzo N, Tanaka T, Timpson NJ, Almgren P, Bennett A, et al: Six new loci associated with body mass index highlight a neuronal influence on body weight regulation. Nat Genet. 2009, 41: 25-34. 10.1038/ng.287.
Thorleifsson G, Walters GB, Gudbjartsson DF, Steinthorsdottir V, Sulem P, Helgadottir A, Styrkarsdottir U, Gretarsdottir S, Thorlacius S, Jonsdottir I, Jonsdottir T, Olafsdottir EJ, Olafsdottir GH, Jonsson T, Jonsson F, Borch-Johnsen K, Hansen T, Andersen G, Jorgensen T, Lauritzen T, Aben KK, Verbeek AL, Roeleveld N, Kampman E, Yanek LR, Becker LC, Tryggvadottir L, Rafnar T, Becker DM, Gulcher J, et al: Genome-wide association yields new sequence variants at seven loci that associate with measures of obesity. Nat Genet. 2009, 41: 18-24. 10.1038/ng.274.
Speliotes EK, Willer CJ, Berndt SI, Monda KL, Thorleifsson G, Jackson AU, Lango Allen H, Lindgren CM, Luan J, Mägi R, Randall JC, Vedantam S, Winkler TW, Qi L, Workalemahu T, Heid IM, Steinthorsdottir V, Stringham HM, Weedon MN, Wheeler E, Wood AR, Ferreira T, Weyant RJ, Segrè AV, Estrada K, Liang L, Nemesh J, Park JH, Gustafsson S, Kilpeläinen TO, et al: Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index. Nat Genet. 2010, 42: 937-948. 10.1038/ng.686.
Keating BJ, Tischfield S, Murray SS, Bhangale T, Price TS, Glessner JT, Galver L, Barrett JC, Grant SF, Farlow DN, Chandrupatla HR, Hansen M, Ajmal S, Papanicolaou GJ, Guo Y, Li M, Derohannessian S, de Bakker PI, Bailey SD, Montpetit A, Edmondson AC, Taylor K, Gai X, Wang SS, Fornage M, Shaikh T, Groop L, Boehnke M, Hall AS, Hattersley AT, et al: Concept, design and implementation of a cardiovascular gene-centric 50 k SNP array for large-scale genomic association studies. PLoS ONE. 2008, 3: e3583-10.1371/journal.pone.0003583.
Guo Y, Lanktree MB, Taylor KC, Hakonsarson H, Lange LA, Keating BJ, IBC 50K SNP array BMI Consortium: Gene-centric meta-analyses of 108 912 individuals confirm known body mass index loci and reveal three novel signals. Hum Mol Genet. 2013, 22: 184-201. 10.1093/hmg/dds396.
Kilpeläinen TO, Zillikens MC, Stančákova A, Finucane FM, Ried JS, Langenberg C, Zhang W, Beckmann JS, Luan J, Vandenput L, Styrkarsdottir U, Zhou Y, Smith AV, Zhao JH, Amin N, Vedantam S, Shin SY, Haritunians T, Fu M, Feitosa MF, Kumari M, Halldorsson BV, Tikkanen E, Mangino M, Hayward C, Song C, Arnold AM, Aulchenko YS, Oostra BA, Campbell H, et al: Genetic variation near IRS1 associates with reduced adiposity and an impaired metabolic profile. Nat Genet. 2011, 43: 753-760. 10.1038/ng.866.
Rung J, Cauchi S, Albrechtsen A, Shen L, Rocheleau G, Cavalcanti-Proença C, Bacot F, Balkau B, Belisle A, Borch-Johnsen K, Charpentier G, Dina C, Durand E, Elliott P, Hadjadj S, Järvelin MR, Laitinen J, Lauritzen T, Marre M, Mazur A, Meyre D, Montpetit A, Pisinger C, Posner B, Poulsen P, Pouta A, Prentki M, Ribel-Madsen R, Ruokonen A, Sandbaek A, et al: Genetic variant near IRS1 is associated with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Nat Genet. 2009, 41: 1110-1115. 10.1038/ng.443.
Samani NJ, Erdmann J, Hall AS, Hengstenberg C, Mangino M, Mayer B, Dixon RJ, Meitinger T, Braund P, Wichmann HE, Barrett JH, König IR, Stevens SE, Szymczak S, Tregouet DA, Iles MM, Pahlke F, Pollard H, Lieb W, Cambien F, Fischer M, Ouwehand W, Blankenberg S, Balmforth AJ, Baessler A, Ball SG, Strom TM, Braenne I, Gieger C, Deloukas P, et al: Genomewide association analysis of coronary artery disease. New Engl J Med. 2007, 357: 443-453. 10.1056/NEJMoa072366.
Teslovich TM, Musunuru K, Smith AV, Edmondson AC, Stylianou IM, Koseki M, Pirruccello JP, Ripatti S, Chasman DI, Willer CJ, Johansen CT, Fouchier SW, Isaacs A, Peloso GM, Barbalic M, Ricketts SL, Bis JC, Aulchenko YS, Thorleifsson G, Feitosa MF, Chambers J, Orho-Melander M, Melander O, Johnson T, Li X, Guo X, Li M, Shin Cho Y, Jin Go M, Jin Kim Y, et al: Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids. Nature. 2010, 466: 707-713. 10.1038/nature09270.
Shu XO, Long J, Cai Q, Qi L, Xiang YB, Cho YS, Tai ES, Li X, Lin X, Chow WH, Go MJ, Seielstad M, Bao W, Li H, Cornelis MC, Yu K, Wen W, Shi J, Han BG, Sim XL, Liu L, Qi Q, Kim HL, Ng DP, Lee JY, Kim YJ, Li C, Gao YT, Zheng W, Hu FB: Identification of new genetic risk variants for Type 2 diabetes. PLoS Genet. 2010, 6: e1001127-10.1371/journal.pgen.1001127.
Morris AP, Voight BF, Teslovich TM, Ferreira T, Segrè AV, Steinthorsdottir V, Strawbridge RJ, Khan H, Grallert H, Mahajan A, Prokopenko I, Kang HM, Dina C, Esko T, Fraser RM, Kanoni S, Kumar A, Lagou V, Langenberg C, Luan J, Lindgren CM, Müller-Nurasyid M, Pechlivanis S, Rayner NW, Scott LJ, Wiltshire S, Yengo L, Kinnunen L, Rossin EJ, Raychaudhuri S, et al: Large-scale association analysis provides insights into the genetic architecture and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Nat Genet. 2012, 44: 981-990. 10.1038/ng.2383.
Lindgren CM, Heid IM, Randall JC, Lamina C, Steinthorsdottir V, Qi L, Speliotes EK, Thorleifsson G, Willer CJ, Herrera BM, Jackson AU, Lim N, Scheet P, Soranzo N, Amin N, Aulchenko YS, Chambers JC, Drong A, Luan J, Lyon HN, Rivadeneira F, Sanna S, Timpson NJ, Zillikens MC, Zhao JH, Almgren P, Bandinelli S, Bennett AJ, Bergman RN, Bonnycastle LL, et al: Genome-wide association scan meta-analysis identifies three loci influencing adiposity and fat distribution. PLoS Genet. 2009, 5: e1000508-10.1371/journal.pgen.1000508.
Heard-Costa NL, Zillikens MC, Monda KL, Johansson A, Harris TB, Fu M, Haritunians T, Feitosa MF, Aspelund T, Eiriksdottir G, Garcia M, Launer LJ, Smith AV, Mitchell BD, McArdle PF, Shuldiner AR, Bielinski SJ, Boerwinkle E, Brancati F, Demerath EW, Pankow JS, Arnold AM, Chen YD, Glazer NL, McKnight B, Psaty BM, Rotter JI, Amin N, Campbell H, Gyllensten U, et al: NRXN3 is a novel locus for waist circumference: a genome-wide association study from the CHARGE consortium. PLoS Genet. 2009, 5: e1000539-10.1371/journal.pgen.1000539.
Scherag A, Dina C, Hinney A, Vatin V, Scherag S, Vogel CI, Müller TD, Grallert H, Wichmann HE, Balkau B, Heude B, Jarvelin MR, Hartikainen AL, Levy-Marchal C, Weill J, Delplanque J, Körner A, Kiess W, Kovacs P, Rayner NW, Prokopenko I, McCarthy MI, Schäfer H, Jarick I, Boeing H, Fisher E, Reinehr T, Heinrich J, Rzehak P, Berdel D, et al: Two new loci for body-weight regulation identified in a joint analysis of genome-wide association studies for early-onset extreme obesity in french and german study groups. PLoS Genet. 2010, 6: e1000916-10.1371/journal.pgen.1000916.
Heid IM, Jackson AU, Randall JC, Winkler TW, Qi L, Steinthorsdottir V, Thorleifsson G, Zillikens MC, Speliotes EK, Mägi R, Workalemahu T, White CC, Bouatia-Naji N, Harris TB, Berndt SI, Ingelsson E, Willer CJ, Weedon MN, Luan J, Vedantam S, Esko T, Kilpeläinen TO, Kutalik Z, Li S, Monda KL, Dixon AL, Holmes CC, Kaplan LM, Liang L, Min JL, et al: Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution. Nat Genet. 2010, 42: 949-960. 10.1038/ng.685.
Fox CS, Liu Y, White CC, Feitosa M, Smith AV, Heard-Costa N, Lohman K, GIANT Consortium, MAGIC Consortium, GLGC Consortium, Johnson AD, Foster MC, Greenawalt DM, Griffin P, Ding J, Newman AB, Tylavsky F, Miljkovic I, Kritchevsky SB, Launer L, Garcia M, Eiriksdottir G, Carr JJ, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Cupples LA, Borecki IB: Genome-wide association for abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose reveals a novel locus for visceral fat in women. PLoS Genet. 2012, 8: e1002695-10.1371/journal.pgen.1002695.
Hinney A, Nguyen TT, Scherag A, Friedel S, Bronner G, Muller TD, Grallert H, Illig T, Wichmann HE, Rief W, Schäfer H, Hebebrand J: Genome wide association (GWA) study for early onset extreme obesity supports the role of fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) variants. PLoS ONE. 2007, 2: e1361-10.1371/journal.pone.0001361.
Meyre D, Delplanque J, Chèvre JC, Lecoeur C, Lobbens S, Gallina S, Durand E, Vatin V, Degraeve F, Proença C, Gaget S, Körner A, Kovacs P, Kiess W, Tichet J, Marre M, Hartikainen AL, Horber F, Potoczna N, Hercberg S, Levy-Marchal C, Pattou F, Heude B, Tauber M, McCarthy MI, Blakemore AI, Montpetit A, Polychronakos C, Weill J, Coin LJ, et al: Genome-wide association study for early-onset and morbid adult obesity identifies three new risk loci in European populations. Nat Genet. 2009, 41: 157-159. 10.1038/ng.301.
Bradfield JP, Taal HR, Timpson NJ, Scherag A, Lecoeur C, Warrington NM, Hypponen E, Holst C, Valcarcel B, Thiering E, Salem RM, Schumacher FR, Cousminer DL, Sleiman PM, Zhao J, Berkowitz RI, Vimaleswaran KS, Jarick I, Pennell CE, Evans DM, St Pourcain B, Berry DJ, Mook-Kanamori DO, Hofman A, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, van Duijn CM, van der Valk RJ, de Jongste JC, Postma DS, et al: A genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies new childhood obesity loci. Nat Genet. 2012, 44: 526-531. 10.1038/ng.2247.
Chambers JC, Elliott P, Zabaneh D, Zhang W, Li Y, Froguel P, Balding D, Scott J, Kooner JS: Common genetic variation near MC4R is associated with waist circumference and insulin resistance. Nat Genet. 2008, 40: 716-718. 10.1038/ng.156.
Cho YS, Go MJ, Kim YJ, Heo JY, Oh JH, Ban HJ, Yoon D, Lee MH, Kim DJ, Park M, Cha SH, Kim JW, Han BG, Min H, Ahn Y, Park MS, Han HR, Jang HY, Cho EY, Lee JE, Cho NH, Shin C, Park T, Park JW, Lee JK, Cardon L, Clarke G, McCarthy MI, Lee JY, Lee JK, et al: A large-scale genome-wide association study of Asian populations uncovers genetic factors influencing eight quantitative traits. Nat Genet. 2009, 41: 527-534. 10.1038/ng.357.
Okada Y, Kubo M, Ohmiya H, Takahashi A, Kumasaka N, Hosono N, Maeda S, Wen W, Dorajoo R, Go MJ, Zheng W, Kato N, Wu JY, Lu Q, GIANT consortium, Tsunoda T, Yamamoto K, Nakamura Y, Kamatani N, Tanaka T: Common variants at CDKAL1 and KLF9 are associated with body mass index in east Asian populations. Nat Genet. 2012, 44: 302-306. 10.1038/ng.1086.
Wen W, Cho YS, Zheng W, Dorajoo R, Kato N, Qi L, Chen CH, Delahanty RJ, Okada Y, Tabara Y, Gu D, Zhu D, Haiman CA, Mo Z, Gao YT, Saw SM, Go MJ, Takeuchi F, Chang LC, Kokubo Y, Liang J, Hao M, Le Marchand L, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Wong TY, Long J, Han BG, Kubo M, Yamamoto K, et al: Meta-analysis identifies common variants associated with body mass index in east Asians. Nat Genet. 2012, 44: 307-311. 10.1038/ng.1087.
Benzinou M, Creemers JW, Choquet H, Lobbens S, Dina C, Durand E, Guerardel A, Boutin P, Jouret B, Heude B, Balkau B, Tichet J, Marre M, Potoczna N, Horber F, Le Stunff C, Czernichow S, Sandbaek A, Lauritzen T, Borch-Johnsen K, Andersen G, Kiess W, Körner A, Kovacs P, Jacobson P, Carlsson LM, Walley AJ, Jørgensen T, Hansen T, Pedersen O, et al: Common nonsynonymous variants in PCSK1 confer risk of obesity. Nat Genet. 2008, 40: 943-945. 10.1038/ng.177.
Kang SJ, Chiang CW, Palmer CD, Tayo BO, Lettre G, Butler JL, Hackett R, Adeyemo AA, Guiducci C, Berzins I, Nguyen TT, Feng T, Luke A, Shriner D, Ardlie K, Rotimi C, Wilks R, Forrester T, McKenzie CA, Lyon HN, Cooper RS, Zhu X, Hirschhorn JN: Genome-wide association of anthropometric traits in African- and African-derived populations. Hum Mol Genet. 2010, 19: 2725-2738. 10.1093/hmg/ddq154.
Ng MC, Hester JM, Wing MR, Li J, Xu J, Hicks PJ, Roh BH, Lu L, Divers J, Langefeld CD, Freedman BI, Palmer ND, Bowden DW: Genome-wide association of BMI in African Americans. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012, 20: 622-627. 10.1038/oby.2011.154.
Croteau-Chonka DC, Marvelle AF, Lange EM, Lee NR, Adair LS, Lange LA, Mohlke KL: Genome-wide association study of anthropometric traits and evidence of interactions with age and study year in Filipino women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011, 19: 1019-1027. 10.1038/oby.2010.256.
Ma L, Hanson RL, Traurig MT, Muller YL, Kaur BP, Perez JM, Meyre D, Fu M, Körner A, Franks PW, Kiess W, Kobes S, Knowler WC, Kovacs P, Froguel P, Shuldiner AR, Bogardus C, Baier LJ: Evaluation of A2BP1 as an obesity gene. Diabetes. 2010, 59: 2837-2845. 10.2337/db09-1604.
Li H, Kilpeläinen TO, Liu C, Zhu J, Liu Y, Hu C, Yang Z, Zhang W, Bao W, Cha S, Wu Y, Yang T, Sekine A, Choi BY, Yajnik CS, Zhou D, Takeuchi F, Yamamoto K, Chan JC, Mani KR, Been LF, Imamura M, Nakashima E, Lee N, Fujisawa T, Karasawa S, Wen W, Joglekar CV, Lu W, Chang Y, et al: Association of genetic variation in FTO with risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes with data from 96,551 East and South Asians. Diabetologia. 2012, 55: 981-995. 10.1007/s00125-011-2370-7.
Tan JT, Dorajoo R, Seielstad M, Sim XL, Ong RT, Chia KS, Wong TY, Saw SM, Chew SK, Aung T, Tai ES: FTO variants are associated with obesity in the Chinese and Malay populations in Singapore. Diabetes. 2008, 57: 2851-2857. 10.2337/db08-0214.
Liu Y, Liu Z, Song Y, Zhou D, Zhang D, Zhao T, Chen Z, Yu L, Yang Y, Feng G, Li J, Zhang J, Liu S, Zhang Z, He L, Xu H: Meta-analysis added power to identify variants in FTO associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity in the Asian population. Obesity. 2010, 18: 1619-1624. 10.1038/oby.2009.469.
Ng MCY, Tam CHT, So WY, Ho JSK, Chan AW, Lee HM, Wang Y, Lam VKL, Chan JCN, Ma RCW: Implication of genetic variants near NEGR1, SEC16B, TMEM18, ETV5/DGKG, GNPDA2, LIN7C/BDNF, MTCH2, BCDIN3D/FAIM2, SH2B1, FTO, MC4R, and KCTD15 with obesity and type 2 diabetes in 7705 Chinese. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010, 95: 2418-2425. 10.1210/jc.2009-2077.
Dorajoo R, Blakemore AI, Sim X, Ong RT, Ng DP, Seielstad M, Wong TY, Saw SM, Froguel P, Liu J, Tai ES: Replication of 13 obesity loci among Singaporean Chinese, Malay and Asian-Indian populations. Int J Obes (Lond). 2012, 36: 159-163. 10.1038/ijo.2011.86.
Chang YC, Liu PH, Lee WJ, Chang TJ, Jiang YD, Li HY, Kuo SS, Lee KC, Chuang LM: Common variation in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene confers risk of obesity and modulates BMI in the Chinese population. Diabetes. 2008, 57: 2245-2252. 10.2337/db08-0377.
Cheung CYY, Tso AWK, Cheung BMY, Xu A, Ong KL, Fong CHY, Wat NMS, Janus ED, Sham PC, Lam KSL: Obesity susceptibility genetic variants identified from recent genome-wide association studies: implications in a Chinese population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010, 95: 1395-1403. 10.1210/jc.2009-1465.
Hotta K, Nakata Y, Matsuo T, Kamohara S, Kotani K, Komatsu R, Itoh N, Mineo I, Wada J, Masuzaki H, Yoneda M, Nakajima A, Miyazaki S, Tokunaga K, Kawamoto M, Funahashi T, Hamaguchi K, Yamada K, Hanafusa T, Oikawa S, Yoshimatsu H, Nakao K, Sakata T, Matsuzawa Y, Tanaka K, Kamatani N, Nakamura Y: Variations in the FTO gene are associated with severe obesity in the Japanese. J Hum Genet. 2008, 53: 546-553. 10.1007/s10038-008-0283-1.
Omori S, Tanaka Y, Takahashi A, Hirose H, Kashiwagi A, Kaku K, Kawamori R, Nakamura Y, Maeda S: Association of CDKAL1, IGF2BP2, CDKN2A/B, HHEX, SLC30A8, and KCNJ11 with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in a Japanese population. Diabetes. 2008, 57: 791-795. 10.2337/db07-0979.
Tabara Y, Osawa H, Guo H, Kawamoto R, Onuma H, Shimizu I, Takara Y, Nishida W, Yamamoto M, Makino H, Kohara K, Miki T: Prognostic significance of FTO genotype in the development of obesity in Japanese: the J-SHIPP study. Int J Obes. 2009, 33: 1243-1248. 10.1038/ijo.2009.161.
Karasawa S, Daimon M, Sasaki S, Toriyama S, Oizumi T, Susa S, Kameda W, Wada K, Muramatsu M, Fukao A, Kubota I, Kawata S, Kayama T, Kato T: Association of the common fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene polymorphism with obesity in a Japanese population. Endocr J. 2010, 57: 293-301. 10.1507/endocrj.K09E-305.
Cha SW, Choi SM, Kim KS, Park BL, Kim JR, Kim JY, Shin HD: Replication of genetic effects of FTO polymorphisms on BMI in a Korean population. Obesity (SilverSpring). 2008, 16: 2187-2189. 10.1038/oby.2008.314.
Binh TQ, Phuong PT, Nhung BT, Thoang DD, Lien HT, Thanh DV: Association of the common FTO-rs9939609 polymorphism with type 2 diabetes, independent of obesity-related traits in a Vietnamese population. Gene. 2013, 513: 31-35. 10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.082.
Yajnik CS, Janipalli CS, Bhaskar S, Kulkarni SR, Freathy RM, Prakash S, Mani KR, Weedon MN, Kale SD, Deshpande J, Krishnaveni GV, Veena SR, Fall CH, McCarthy MI, Frayling TM, Hattersley AT, Chandak GR: FTO gene variants are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in South Asian Indians. Diabetologia. 2009, 52: 247-252. 10.1007/s00125-008-1186-6.
Ramya K, Radha V, Ghosh S, Majumder PP, Mohan V: Genetic variations in the FTO gene are associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity in south Indians (CURES-79). Diabetes Technol Ther. 2011, 13: 33-42. 10.1089/dia.2010.0071.
Taylor AE, Sandeep MN, Janipalli CS, Giambartolomei C, Evans DM, Kranthi Kumar MV, Vinay DG, Smitha P, Gupta V, Aruna M, Kinra S, Sullivan RM, Bowen L, Timpson NJ, Davey Smith G, Dudbridge F, Prabhakaran D, Ben-Shlomo Y, Reddy KS, Ebrahim S, Chandak GR: Associations of FTO and MC4R variants with obesity traits in Indians and the role of rural/urban environment as a possible effect modifier. J Obes. 2011, 2011: 307542-
Chauhan G, Tabassum R, Mahajan A, Dwivedi OP, Mahendran Y, Kaur I, Nigam S, Dubey H, Varma B, Madhu SV, Mathur SK, Ghosh S, Tandon N, Bharadwaj D: Common variants of FTO and the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in Indians. J Hum Genet. 2011, 56: 720-726. 10.1038/jhg.2011.87.
Vasan SK, Fall T, Neville MJ, Antonisamy B, Fall CH, Geethanjali FS, Gu HF, Raghupathy P, Samuel P, Thomas N, Brismar K, Ingelsson E, Karpe F: Associations of variants in FTO and near MC4R with obesity traits in South Asian Indians. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012, 20: 2268-2277. 10.1038/oby.2012.64.
Sanghera D, Ortega L, Han S, Singh J, Ralhan S, Wander G, Mehra N, Mulvihill J, Ferrell R, Nath S, Kamboh M: Impact of nine common type 2 diabetes risk polymorphisms in Asian Indian Sikhs: PPARG2 (Pro12Ala), IGF2BP2, TCF7L2 and FTO variants confer a significant risk. BMC Med Genet. 2008, 9: 59-
Rong R, Hanson RL, Ortiz D, Wiedrich C, Kobes S, Knowler WC, Bogardus C, Baier LJ: Association analysis of variation in/near FTO, CDKAL1, SLC30A8, HHEX, EXT2, IGF2BP2, LOC387761 and CDKN2B with type 2 diabetes and related quantitative traits in Pima indians. Diabetes. 2008, db08-0877-
Villalobos-Comparán M, Teresa Flores-Dorantes M, Teresa Villarreal-Molina M, Rodríguez-Cruz M, García-Ulloa AC, Robles L, Huertas-Vázquez A, Saucedo-Villarreal N, López-Alarcón M, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Domínguez-López A, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R, Menjivar M, Coral-Vázquez R, Hernández-Stengele G, Vital-Reyes VS, Acuña-Alonzo V, Romero-Hidalgo S, Ruiz-Gómez DG, Riaño-Barros D, Herrera MF, Gómez-Pérez FJ, Froguel P, García-García E, Teresa Tusié-Luna M, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Canizales-Quinteros S: The FTO gene is associated with adulthood obesity in the Mexican population. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008, 16: 2296-2301. 10.1038/oby.2008.367.
Dong C, Beecham A, Slifer S, Wang L, McClendon MS, Blanton SH, Rundek T, Sacco RL: Genome-wide linkage and peak-wide association study of obesity-related quantitative traits in Caribbean Hispanics. Hum Genet. 2011, 129: 209-219. 10.1007/s00439-010-0916-2.
Wing MR, Ziegler J, Langefeld CD, Ng MC, Haffner SM, Norris JM, Goodarzi MO, Bowden DW: Analysis of FTO gene variants with measures of obesity and glucose homeostasis in the IRAS family study. Hum Genet. 2009, 125: 615-626. 10.1007/s00439-009-0656-3.
Song Y, You NC, Hsu YH, Howard BV, Langer RD, Manson JE, Nathan L, Niu T, Tinker L, Liu S: FTO polymorphisms are associated with obesity but not diabetes risk in postmenopausal women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008, 16: 2472-2480. 10.1038/oby.2008.408.
Wing MR, Ziegler JM, Langefeld CD, Roh BH, Palmer ND, Mayer-Davis EJ, Rewers MJ, Haffner SM, Wagenknecht LE, Bowden DW: Analysis of FTO gene variants with obesity and glucose homeostasis measures in the multiethnic Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study cohort. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011, 35: 1173-1182. 10.1038/ijo.2010.244.
Grant SF, Li M, Bradfield JP, Kim CE, Annaiah K, Santa E, Glessner JT, Casalunovo T, Frackelton EC, Otieno FG, Shaner JL, Smith RM, Imielinski M, Eckert AW, Chiavacci RM, Berkowitz RI, Hakonarson H: Association analysis of the FTO gene with obesity in children of Caucasian and African ancestry reveals a common tagging SNP. PLoS ONE. 2008, 3: e1746-10.1371/journal.pone.0001746.
Adeyemo A, Chen G, Zhou J, Shriner D, Doumatey A, Huang H, Rotimi C: FTO genetic variation and association with obesity in West Africans and African Americans. Diabetes. 2010, 59: 1549-1554. 10.2337/db09-1252.
Liu G, Zhu H, Lagou V, Gutin B, Stallmann-Jorgensen I, Treiber F, Dong Y, Snieder H: FTO variant rs9939609 is associated with body mass index and waist circumference, but not with energy intake or physical activity in European- and African-American youth. BMC Med Genet. 2010, 11: 57-
Bollepalli S, Dolan LM, Deka R, Martin LJ: Association of FTO gene variants with adiposity in African-American adolescents. Obesity. 2010, 18: 1959-1963. 10.1038/oby.2010.82.
Cauchi S, Ezzidi I, El Achhab Y, Mtiraoui N, Chaieb L, Salah D, Nejjari C, Labrune Y, Yengo L, Beury D, Vaxillaire M, Mahjoub T, Chikri M, Froguel P: European genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes in North African Arabs. Diabetes Metab. 2012, 38: 316-323. 10.1016/j.diabet.2012.02.003.
Peters U, North KE, Sethupathy P, Buyske S, Haessler J, Jiao S, Fesinmeyer MD, Jackson RD, Kuller LH, Rajkovic A, Lim U, Cheng I, Schumacher F, Wilkens L, Li R, Monda K, Ehret G, Nguyen KD, Cooper R, Lewis CE, Leppert M, Irvin MR, Gu CC, Houston D, Buzkova P, Ritchie M, Matise TC, Le Marchand L, Hindorff LA, Crawford DC, et al: A systematic mapping approach of 16q12.2/FTO and BMI in more than 20,000 African Americans narrows in on the underlying functional variation: results from the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. PLoS Genet. 2013, 9: e1003171-10.1371/journal.pgen.1003171.
Shi J, Long J, Gao YT, Lu W, Cai Q, Wen W, Zheng Y, Yu K, Xiang YB, Hu FB, Zheng W, Shu XO: Evaluation of genetic susceptibility loci for obesity in Chinese women. Am J Epidemiol. 2010, 172: 244-254. 10.1093/aje/kwq129.
Huang W, Sun Y, Sun J: Combined effects of FTO rs9939609 and MC4R rs17782313 on obesity and BMI in Chinese Han populations. Endocrine. 2011, 39: 69-74. 10.1007/s12020-010-9413-6.
Xi B, Cheng H, Shen Y, Chandak GR, Zhao X, Hou D, Wu L, Wang X, Mi J: Study of 11 BMI-associated loci Identified in GWAS for associations with central obesity in the Chinese children. PLoS ONE. 2013, 8: e56472-10.1371/journal.pone.0056472.
Xi B, Chandak GR, Shen Y, Wang Q, Zhou D: Association between common polymorphism near the MC4R gene and obesity risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2012, 7: e45731-10.1371/journal.pone.0045731.
Hotta K, Nakamura M, Nakamura T, Matsuo T, Nakata Y, Kamohara S, Miyatake N, Kotani K, Komatsu R, Itoh N, Mineo I, Wada J, Masuzaki H, Yoneda M, Nakajima A, Funahashi T, Miyazaki S, Tokunaga K, Kawamoto M, Ueno T, Hamaguchi K, Tanaka K, Yamada K, Hanafusa T, Oikawa S, Yoshimatsu H, Nakao K, Sakata T, Matsuzawa Y, Kamatani N, Nakamura Y: Association between obesity and polymorphisms in SEC16B, TMEM18, GNPDA2, BDNF, FAIM2 and MC4R in a Japanese population. J Hum Genet. 2009, 54: 727-731. 10.1038/jhg.2009.106.
Sull JW, Lee M, Jee SH: Replication of genetic effects of MC4R polymorphisms on body mass index in a Korean population. Endocrine. 2013,
Been LF, Nath SK, Ralhan SK, Wander GS, Mehra NK, Singh J, Mulvihill JJ, Sanghera DK: Replication of association between a common variant near melanocortin-4 receptor gene and obesity-related traits in Asian Sikhs. Obesity. 2009, 18: 425-429.
Dwivedi OP, Tabassum R, Chauhan G, Kaur I, Ghosh S, Marwaha RK, Tandon N, Bharadwaj D: Strong influence of variants near MC4R on adiposity in children and adults: a cross-sectional study in Indian population. J Hum Genet. 2013, 58: 27-32. 10.1038/jhg.2012.129.
Mejía-Benítez A, Klünder-Klünder M, Yengo L, Meyre D, Aradillas C, Cruz E, Pérez-Luque E, Malacara JM, Garay ME, Peralta-Romero J, Flores-Huerta S, García-Mena J, Froguel P, Cruz M, Bonnefond A: Analysis of the contribution of FTO, NPC1, ENPP1, NEGR1, GNPDA2 and MC4R genes to obesity in Mexican children. BMC Med Genet. 2013, 14: 21-
Kang SJ, Chiang CW, Palmer CD, Tayo BO, Lettre G, Butler JL, Hackett R, Adeyemo AA, Guiducci C, Berzins I, Nguyen TT, Feng T, Luke A, Shriner D, Ardlie K, Rotimi C, Wilks R, Forrester T, McKenzie CA, Lyon HN, Cooper RS, Zhu X, Hirschhorn JN: Genome-wide association of anthropometric traits in African- and African-derived populations. Hum Mol Genet. 2010, 19: 2725-2738. 10.1093/hmg/ddq154.
Hester JM, Wing MR, Li J, Palmer ND, Xu J, Hicks PJ, Roh BH, Norris JM, Wagenknecht LE, Langefeld CD, Freedman BI, Bowden DW, Ng MC: Implication of European-derived adiposity loci in African Americans. Int J Obes (Lond). 2012, 36: 465-473. 10.1038/ijo.2011.131.
Hassanein MT, Lyon HN, Nguyen TT, Akylbekova EL, Waters K, Lettre G, Tayo B, Forrester T, Sarpong DF, Stram DO, Butler JL, Wilks R, Liu J, Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Zhu X, Henderson B, Cooper R, McKenzie C, Taylor HA, Haiman CA, Hirschhorn JN: Fine mapping of the association with obesity at the FTO locus in African-derived populations. Hum Mol Genet. 2010, 19: 2907-2916. 10.1093/hmg/ddq178.