Béo phì và các biến chứng chuyển hóa: Vai trò của Adipokine và mối quan hệ giữa béo phì, viêm, kháng insulin, rối loạn lipid máu và bệnh gan nhiễm mỡ không do rượu

International Journal of Molecular Sciences - Tập 15 Số 4 - Trang 6184-6223
Un Ju Jung1, Myung‐Sook Choi2
1Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk Dong Puk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
2Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk Dong Puk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. [email protected].

Tóm tắt

Các bằng chứng tích lũy cho thấy béo phì có mối liên hệ chặt chẽ với việc tăng nguy cơ mắc các bệnh chuyển hóa như kháng insulin, tiểu đường loại 2, rối loạn lipid máu và bệnh gan nhiễm mỡ không do rượu. Béo phì là kết quả của sự mất cân bằng giữa lượng thức ăn tiêu thụ và mức năng lượng tiêu thụ, dẫn đến sự tích tụ quá mức của mô mỡ. Nay, mô mỡ được công nhận không chỉ là nơi lưu trữ năng lượng dư thừa từ thức ăn tiêu thụ, mà còn là một cơ quan nội tiết. Sự mở rộng của mô mỡ sản sinh ra nhiều chất sinh học hoạt động, gọi là adipocytokine hoặc adipokine, gây viêm mãn tính nhẹ và tác động đến nhiều quá trình trong nhiều cơ quan khác nhau. Mặc dù các cơ chế chính xác vẫn chưa rõ ràng, sản xuất hay tiết ra các adipokine này không được điều chỉnh do mô mỡ dư thừa và rối loạn chức năng mô mỡ có thể dẫn tới sự phát triển của các bệnh chuyển hóa liên quan đến béo phì. Trong bài đánh giá này, chúng tôi tập trung vào vai trò của một số adipokine liên quan đến béo phì và tác động tiềm tàng đến các bệnh chuyển hóa liên quan đến béo phì. Nhiều bằng chứng cung cấp những hiểu biết quý giá về vai trò của adipokine trong việc phát triển béo phì và các biến chứng chuyển hóa của nó. Cần thêm nhiều nghiên cứu để hiểu rõ đầy đủ các cơ chế đằng sau các hoạt động chuyển hóa của một số adipokine mới được xác định.

Từ khóa

#béo phì #adipokine #kháng insulin #rối loạn lipid máu #viêm #bệnh gan nhiễm mỡ không do rượu #chuyển hóa #bệnh chuyển hóa liên quan đến béo phì #mô mỡ #adipocytokine

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