Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics Insights into Diabetes Etiopathogenesis

Nutrients - Tập 6 Số 11 - Trang 5338-5369
Genoveva Berná1, María-Jesús Oliveras-López2, Enrique Jurado‐Ruiz3, Juan R. Tejedo4, Francisco J. Bedoya5, Bernat Soria6, Franz Martı́n7
1Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo Olavide (CABIMER-UPO), Seville 41091, Spain. [email protected].
2Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo Olavide (CABIMER-UPO), Seville 41091, Spain. [email protected].
3Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo Olavide (CABIMER-UPO), Seville 41091, Spain. [email protected].
4Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain. [email protected].
5Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain. [email protected].
6Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo Olavide (CABIMER-UPO), Seville 41091, Spain. [email protected].
7Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo Olavide (CABIMER-UPO), Seville 41091, Spain. [email protected].

Tóm tắt

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a global pandemic, and the incidence of DM continues to grow worldwide. Nutrients and dietary patterns are central issues in the prevention, development and treatment of this disease. The pathogenesis of DM is not completely understood, but nutrient-gene interactions at different levels, genetic predisposition and dietary factors appear to be involved. Nutritional genomics studies generally focus on dietary patterns according to genetic variations, the role of gene-nutrient interactions, gene-diet-phenotype interactions and epigenetic modifications caused by nutrients; these studies will facilitate an understanding of the early molecular events that occur in DM and will contribute to the identification of better biomarkers and diagnostics tools. In particular, this approach will help to develop tailored diets that maximize the use of nutrients and other functional ingredients present in food, which will aid in the prevention and delay of DM and its complications. This review discusses the current state of nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and epigenomics research on DM. Here, we provide an overview of the role of gene variants and nutrient interactions, the importance of nutrients and dietary patterns on gene expression, how epigenetic changes and micro RNAs (miRNAs) can alter cellular signaling in response to nutrients and the dietary interventions that may help to prevent the onset of DM.

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