Nitrile hydrolysis by Rhodococcus erythropolis BL1, an acetonitrile-tolerant strain isolated from a marine sediment

Microbiology (United Kingdom) - Tập 142 Số 1 - Trang 145-154 - 1996
Bjarne Riis Langdahl1, Peter Bisp1, Kjeld Ingvorsen1
1Department of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biological Science, Ny Munkegade, Bldg 540, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

Tóm tắt

A number of physiologically different nitrile-hydrolysing bacteria were isolated from coastal marine sediments in Denmark by enrichment culture. One strain, BL1, identified as Rhodococcus erythropolis, grew on acetonitrile as sole carbon and nitrogen source in a defined medium. Growth occurred between 0 and 8% NaCl with an optimum around 2%, thus reflecting the marine origin of the isolate. Intact cells of R. erythropolis BL1 could hydrolyse a large variety of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic nitriles to their corresponding acids. Benzonitrile and benzylcyanide were not hydrolysed, whereas some aromatic compounds containing a -CN group attached to a C3 or C4 aliphatic side chain were accepted as substrates. The substrate spectrum of R. erythropolis BL1 was thus markedly different from those of other Grampositive nitrile-hydrolysing bacteria isolated from non-marine environments. Nitrile hydrolysis during growth and in resting cell suspensions usually occurred without intermediate accumulation of amide outside the cells. Detailed studies, however, showed that nitrile hydrolysis by strain BL1 was due to a nitrile hydratase/amidase enzyme system. Nitrile hydratase activity was found to be inducible whereas amidase activity was constitutive. The amidase activity of cells could, however, be enhanced manyfold by growth in media containing acetamide or acetonitrile. In most cases amides were hydrolysed at a much higher rate than the corresponding nitriles, which explained why amides were rarely detected in the surrounding medium during nitrile hydrolysis. R. erythropolis BL1 exhibited the highest tolerance towards acetonitrile ever reported for a nitrile-hydrolysing bacterium, as demonstrated by its ability to grow exponentially in the presence of 900 mM acetonitrile.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Amarant, 1989, Substrates and inhibitors of the nitrile hydratase and amidase of Corynebacterium nitrilophilus, Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 11, 49

Arnaud, 1977, Etude de l‘aceto-nitrilase d’une souche de Brevibacterium, Agrk Biol Chem, 44, 2251

Arnaud, 1980, Production d'acides-amides stereospecifiques par hydrolyse biologique d'-aminonitriles racemiques, Bull Soc Chim Fr, 2, 87

Asano, 1982, Aliphatic nitrile hydratase from Arthrobacter sp. J-l. Purification and characterization, Agric Biol Chem, 46, 1165

Bower, 1980, A salicylate-hypochlorite method for determining ammonia in seawater, Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 37, 794, 10.1139/f80-106

Chapatwala, 1993, Degradative capability of Pseudomonas putida on acetonitrile, Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 39/40, 655, 10.1007/BF02919026

Collins, 1983, The utilization of nitriles and amides by Nocardia rhodochrous, J Gen Microbiol, 129, 711

DiGeronimo, 1976, Metabolism of acetonitrile and propionitrile by Nocardia rhodochrous LL100-21, Appl Environ Microbiol, 31, 900, 10.1128/AEM.31.6.900-906.1976

Doetsch, 1981, Manual of Methods for General Bacteriology, 21

Ferris, 1984, HCN and chemical evolution: the possible role of cyano compounds in prebiotic synthesis, Tetrahedron, 40, 1093, 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)99315-9

Finnegan, 1992, Commercial application of microbial enzymes with nitrile degrading activity, S Afr J Sci, 88, 188

Goa, 1953, A micro biuret method for protein determination. Determination of total protein in cerebrospinal fluid, Scand J Clin Fab Invest, 5, 218, 10.3109/00365515309094189

Goodfellow, 1989, Genus Rhodococcus Zopf 1891, 28AL, Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 4, 2362

Goodfellow, 1989, Genus Nocardia Trevisian 1889,9AL, Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 4, 2350

Harper, 1977, Microbial metabolism of aromatic nitriles. Enzymology of C-N cleavage by Nocardia sp. (rhodochrous group), Biochem J, 165, 309, 10.1042/bj1650309

Ikehata, 1989, Primary structure of nitrile hydratase deduced from the nucleotide sequence of a Rhodococcus species and its expression in Escherichia coli, Fur J Biochem, 181, 563

Ingvorsen, 1988, Microbial hydrolysis of organic nitriles and amides, Cyanide Compounds in Biology, 16

Ingvorsen, 1991, Novel cyanide-hydrolyzing enzyme from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans, Appl Environ Microbiol, 57, 1783, 10.1128/AEM.57.6.1783-1789.1991

Jallegeas, 1980, Byconversion of nitriles and their applications, Advances in Biochemical Engineering, 14, 1

Knowles, 1985, Microbial degradation of cyanide, World Biotech Rep, 537

Knowles, 1992, The degradation of cyanide and nitriles, Microbial Control of Pollution, 113

Kobayashi, 1992, Enzymatic synthesis of acrylamide: a success story not yet over, Trends Biotechnol, 10, 402, 10.1016/0167-7799(92)90283-2

Kobayashi, 1993, Amidase coupled with low-molecular-mass nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous Jl, Eur J Biochem, 217, 327, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18250.x

Linton, 1986, Utilization of aliphatic amides and nitriles by Nocardia rhodochrous LL100-21, J Gen Microbiol, 132, 1493

Loomis, 1988, The prebiological environment, Four Billion Years, 4

Mauger, 1988, Nitrile hydratase-catalyzed production of isonicotinamide, picolinamide and pyra-zinamide from 4-cyanopyridine, 2-cyanopyridine and cyanopy-razine in Rhodococcus rhodochrous, J Biotechnol, 8, 87, 10.1016/0168-1656(88)90071-5

Mayaux, 1990, Purification, cloning, and primary structure of an enantiomer-selective amidase from Brevibacterium sp. strain R312: structural evidence for genetic coupling with nitrile hydratase, J Bacteriol, 172, 6764, 10.1128/JB.172.12.6764-6773.1990

Miller, 1982, The utilization of nitriles and amides by a Rhodococcus species, J Gen Microbiol, 128, 1803

Miller, 1984, The cellular location of nitrilase and amidase of Brevibacterium R312, FEMS Microbiol Fett, 21, 147, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1984.tb00201.x

Mimura, 1969, Application of microorganisms to petrochemical industry. I. Assimilation of nitrile compounds by microorganisms, J Ferment Technol, 47, 631

Nagasawa, 1989, Microbial transformation of nitriles, Trends Biotechnol, 153, 10.1016/0167-7799(89)90026-7

Nawaz, 1992, Metabolism of benzonitrile and butyronitrile by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Appl Environ Microbiol, 58, 27, 10.1128/AEM.58.1.27-31.1992

Oró, 1981, The role of HCN and its derivatives in prebiotic evolution, Cyanide in Biology, 517

Rainey, 1995, Phylogenetic analysis of the genera Rhodococcus and Nocardia and evidence for the evolutionary origin of the genus Nocardia from within the radiation of Rhodococcus species, Microbiology, 141, 523, 10.1099/13500872-141-2-523

Robinson, 1964, Ricinine nitrilase, J Biol Chem, 239, 4257, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)91166-X

Vaughan, 1988, The utilization of pyridine carbonitriles and carboxamides by Nocardia rhodochrous LL100-21, J Gen Microbiol, 134, 1099

Vaughan, 1989, Conversion of 3-cyanopyridine to nicotinic acid by Nocardia rhodochrous LL100-21, Enzyme Microb Technol, 11, 815, 10.1016/0141-0229(89)90055-0

Vennesland, 1981, HCN production by microalgae, Cyanide in Biology, 349

Wyatt, 1988, The industrial potential of microbial nitrile biochemistry, In Cyanide Compounds in Biology, 32

Yamamoto, 1991, Production of R-(–)-mandelic acid from mandelonitrile by Alca-ligenes faecalis ATCC 8750, Appl Environ Microbiol, 57, 3028, 10.1128/AEM.57.10.3028-3032.1991

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Microbiology (United Kingdom)

Tập 142 Số 1

145-154

Thông tin tác giả