New workhorse flaps in hand reconstruction
Tóm tắt
With the passage of time, certain hand surgery procedures are anecdotally dubbed “workhorse” techniques. These are procedures that are extremely reliable and have repeatedly demonstrated good results. However, with time, paradigms undergo shifts, and this is as true for hand surgery as any other field. In this article, we will describe the use of three new “workhorse” flaps that we have found to have reliable results in complex hand reconstruction: the pedicled radial forearm fascia flap for dorsal hand reconstruction, the free anterolateral thigh flap for mangled hand reconstruction, and the medial femoral condyle vascularized bone graft for scaphoid fracture nonunion reconstruction.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Adani R, Tarallo L, Marcoccio I, Cipriani R, Gelati C, Innocenti M. Hand reconstruction using the thin anterolateral thigh flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;116(2):467–73. discussion 474–467.
Aulicino PL. Acute injuries of the extensor tendons proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joints. Hand Clin. 1995;11(3):403–10.
Boyer MI, von Schroeder HP, Axelrod TS. Scaphoid nonunion with avascular necrosis of the proximal pole. Treatment with a vascularized bone graft from the dorsum of the distal radius. J Hand Surg (Edinb, Scotl). 1998;23(5):686–90.
Cavadas PC, Landín L. Treatment of recalcitrant distal tibial nonunion using the descending genicular corticoperiosteal free flap. J Trauma. 2008;64(1):144–50.
Chang MA, Bishop AT, Moran SL, Shin AY. The outcomes and complications of 1,2-intercompartmental supraretinacular artery pedicled vascularized bone grafting of scaphoid nonunions. J Hand Surg. 2006;31(3):387–96.
Friedrich J, Vedder N. The use of radial forearm fascia flaps in upper extremity reconstruction. American Association for Hand Surgery Annual Meeting. Rio Grande, PR: Hand 2(2); 2007:51–83.
Fuchs B, Steinmann SP, Bishop AT. Free vascularized corticoperiosteal bone graft for the treatment of persistent nonunion of the clavicle. J Should Elb Surg / American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [et al]. 2005;14(3):264–8.
Gedebou TM, Wei FC, Lin CH. Clinical experience of 1284 free anterolateral thigh flaps. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. 2002;34(4):239–44.
Hanasono MM, Skoracki RJ, Yu P. A prospective study of donor-site morbidity after anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous and myocutaneous free flap harvest in 220 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;125(1):209–14.
Hertel R, Masquelet AC. The reverse flow medial knee osteoperiosteal flap for skeletal reconstruction of the leg. Description and anatomical basis. Surg Radiol Anat. 1989;11(4):257–62.
Howell JW, Merritt WH, Robinson SJ. Immediate controlled active motion following zone 4–7 extensor tendon repair. J Hand Ther: official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists. 2005;18(2):182–90.
Javaid M, Cormack GC. Anterolateral thigh free flap for complex soft tissue hand reconstructions. J Hand Surg (Edinb, Scotl). 2003;28(1):21–7.
Jin YT, Guan WX, Shi TM, Quian YL, Xu LG, Chang TS. Reversed island forearm fascial flap in hand surgery. Ann Plast Surg. 1985;15(4):340–7.
Jones DB, Bürger H, Bishop AT, Shin AY. Treatment of scaphoid waist nonunions with an avascular proximal pole and carpal collapse. A comparison of two vascularized bone grafts. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90(12):2616–25.
Lin SJ, Rabie A, Yu P. Designing the anterolateral thigh flap without preoperative Doppler or imaging. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2010;26(1):67–72.
Lu K, Zhong D, Chen B, Luo J. The clinical application of the reversed forearm island flap. Chin J Surg. 1982;20:695–7.
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. www.m-w.com (2011). Accessed 27 May 2011.
Page R, Chang J. Reconstruction of hand soft-tissue defects: alternatives to the radial forearm fasciocutaneous flap. J Hand Surg. 2006;31(5):847–56.
Pao VS, Chang J. Scaphoid nonunion: diagnosis and treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;112(6):1666–76.
Pettengill KM. The evolution of early mobilization of the repaired flexor tendon. J Hand Ther: official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists. 2005;18(2):157–68.
Pribaz JJ, Orgill DP, Epstein MD, Sampson CE, Hergrueter CA. Anterolateral thigh free flap. Ann Plast Surg. 1995;34(6):585–92.
Riboh J, Nigriny J, Chong AK, Page R, Chang J. Optimization of microsurgery: improved coverage of the latissimus dorsi vascular pedicle with vascularized serratus fascia. Ann Plast Surg. 2007;58:109–11.
Saint-Cyr M, Mujadzic M, Wong C, Hatef D, Lajoie AS, Rohrich RJ. The Radial artery pedicle perforator flap: vascular analysis and clinical implications. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;125(5):1469–78.
Sakai K, Doi K, Kawai S. Free vascularized thin corticoperiosteal graft. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1991;87(2):290–8.
Sheetz KK, Bishop AT, Berger RA. The arterial blood supply of the distal radius and ulna and its potential use in vascularized pedicled bone grafts. J of Hand Surg. 1995;20(6):902–14.
Silverman PM, Gordon L. Early motion after replantation. Hand Clin. 1996;12(1):97–107.
Song YG, Chen GZ, Song YL. The free thigh flap: a new free flap concept based on the septocutaneous artery. Br J Plast Surg. 1984;37(2):149–59.
Straw RG, Davis TRC, Dias JJ. Scaphoid nonunion: treatment with a pedicled vascularized bone graft based on the 1,2 intercompartmental supraretinacular branch of the radial artery. J Hand Surg (Edinb, Scotl). 2002;27(5):413.
Wei F-C, Jain V, Celik N, Chen H-C, Chuang DC-C, Lin C-H. Have we found an ideal soft-tissue flap? An experience with 672 anterolateral thigh flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002;109(7):2219–26. discussion 2227–2230.
Xu DC, Zhong SZ, Kong JM, Wang GY, Liu MZ, Luo LS, et al. Applied anatomy of the anterolateral femoral flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1988;82(2):305–10.
Yamamoto H, Jones DB, Moran SL, Bishop AT, Shin AY. The arterial anatomy of the medial femoral condyle and its clinical implications. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2010;35(7):569–74.
Yang G, Chen B, Gao Y. Forearm free skin flap transplantation. Natl Med J China. 1981;61:139–42.
Yu P, Youssef A. Efficacy of the handheld Doppler in preoperative identification of the cutaneous perforators in the anterolateral thigh flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;118(4):928–33. discussion 934–925.
Zaidemberg C, Siebert JW, Angrigiani C. A new vascularized bone graft for scaphoid nonunion. J Hand Surg. 1991;16(3):474–8.