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Xe năng lượng mới tại Trung Quốc: chính sách, trình diễn và tiến bộ
Tóm tắt
Kể từ năm 2009, Trung Quốc đã trở thành thị trường xe mới lớn nhất thế giới. Nhằm đáp ứng những lo ngại về an ninh năng lượng và ô nhiễm không khí đô thị do sự gia tăng nhanh chóng của dân số xe cộ, Trung Quốc đã khởi xướng Chương trình Nghìn Xe, Mười Thành Phố (TVTC) để thúc đẩy thương mại hóa xe năng lượng mới (NEV). Trong bài viết này, chúng tôi tóm tắt những nỗ lực mà chính phủ Trung Quốc đã thực hiện kể từ năm 1995 trong các lĩnh vực nghiên cứu và phát triển, trình diễn, và tiêu chuẩn hóa NEV; đánh giá tiến độ của việc trình diễn NEV; và đưa ra một số khuyến nghị cho phát triển trong tương lai. Phân tích của chúng tôi đã xác định rằng việc triển khai NEV trong Chương trình TVTC đang chậm hơn so với kế hoạch ban đầu và, trung bình, chỉ có 26–36% mục tiêu đã được đạt được tính đến tháng 10 năm 2011. Mặc dù Trung Quốc đã phê duyệt nhiều mẫu NEV để bán, nhưng hơn 50% trong số đó vẫn chưa được sản xuất. Mặt khác, nhờ sự thay đổi trong chính sách, sản xuất xe điện đã tăng đáng kể, đóng góp 23% và 44% vào tổng sản xuất NEV trong năm 2010 và 2011, tương ứng. Thêm vào đó, do những hạn chế từ giá cả và độ chính hãng của công nghệ, công nghệ pin axit chì đóng vai trò quan trọng trong doanh số bán xe NEV hàng đầu.
Từ khóa
#Xe năng lượng mới #chính sách #trình diễn #Trung Quốc #an ninh năng lượng #ô nhiễm không khí đô thịTài liệu tham khảo
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