Abou Baker DH, Ibrahim BMM, Hassan NS, Yousuf AF, Gengaihi SE (2020) Exploiting Citrus aurantium seeds and their secondary metabolites in the management of Alzheimer disease. Toxicol Rep 7:723–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.06.001
Aloizou AM, Siokas V, Sapouni EM et al (2020) Parkinson’s disease and pesticides: are microRNAs the missing link? Sci Total Environ 744:140591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140591
Ares-Santos S, Granado N, Oliva I, O’Shea E, Martin ED, Colado MI, Moratalla R (2012) Dopamine D1 receptor deletion strongly reduces neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine. Neurobiol Dis 45(2):810–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2011.11.005
Asanuma M, Miyazaki I, Funada M (2020) The neurotoxicity of psychoactive phenethylamines “2C series” in cultured monoaminergic neuronal cell lines. Forensic Toxicol 38(2):394–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-020-00527-w
Bachiller S, Jimenez-Ferrer I, Paulus A, Yang Y, Swanberg M, Deierborg T, Boza-Serrano A (2018) Microglia in neurological diseases: a road map to brain-disease dependent-inflammatory response. Front Cell Neurosci 12:488. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2018.00488
Bartlett SE, Enquist J, Hopf FW et al (2005) Dopamine responsiveness is regulated by targeted sorting of D2 receptors. ProcNatlAcadSci USA 102(32):11521–11526. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0502418102
Beirami E, Oryan S, SeyedhosseiniTamijani SM, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L (2018) Intranasal insulin treatment restores cognitive deficits and insulin signaling impairment induced by repeated methamphetamine exposure. J Cell Biochem 119(2):2345–2355. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.26398
Block ML, Zecca L, Hong JS (2007) Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosci 8(1):57–69. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2038
Botanas CJ, Yoon SS, de la Pena JB et al (2017) The abuse potential of alpha-Piperidinopropiophenone (PIPP) and alpha-Piperidinopentiothiophenone (PIVT), two new synthetic cathinones with piperidine ring substituent. BiomolTher (Seoul) 25(2):122–129. https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2016.241
Braren SH, Drapala D, Tulloch IK, Serrano PA (2014) Methamphetamine-induced short-term increase and long-term decrease in spatial working memory affects protein Kinase M zeta (PKMzeta), dopamine, and glutamate receptors. Front BehavNeurosci 8:438. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00438
Cervinski MA, Foster JD, Vaughan RA (2005) Psychoactive substrates stimulate dopamine transporter phosphorylation and down-regulation by cocaine-sensitive and protein kinase C-dependent mechanisms. J BiolChem 280(49):40442–40449. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M501969200
Chauhan H, Killinger BA, Miller CV, Moszczynska A (2014) Single and binge methamphetamine administrations have different effects on the levels of dopamine D2 autoreceptor and dopamine transporter in rat striatum. Int J MolSci 15(4):5884–5906. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15045884
Cole RD, Wolsh C, Zimmerman M, Harrington E, Gould TJ, Parikh V (2019) Adolescent and adult nicotine exposure differentially impacts oral nicotine and oral saccharin self-administration in mice. Behav Brain Res 359:836–844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2018.07.019
Cole RL, Konradi C, Douglass J, Hyman SE (1995) Neuronal adaptation to amphetamine and dopamine: molecular mechanisms of prodynorphin gene regulation in rat striatum. Neuron 14(4):813–823. https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90225-2
Çomaklı S, Sevim Ç, Kontadakis G et al (2019) Acute glufosinate-based herbicide treatment in rats leads to increased ocular interleukin-1β and c-Fos protein levels, as well as intraocular pressure. Toxicol Rep 6:155–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.01.004
Cornish JL, Hunt GE, Robins L, McGregor IS (2012) Regional c-Fos and FosB/DeltaFosB expression associated with chronic methamphetamine self-administration and methamphetamine-seeking behavior in rats. Neuroscience 206:100–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.01.004
Curtin K, Fleckenstein AE, Robison RJ, Crookston MJ, Smith KR, Hanson GR (2015) Methamphetamine/amphetamine abuse and risk of Parkinson’s disease in Utah: a population-based assessment. Drug Alcohol Depend 146:30–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.027
Custodio RJP, Sayson LV, Botanas CJ et al (2019) 25B-NBOMe, a novel N-2-methoxybenzyl-phenethylamine (NBOMe) derivative, may induce rewarding and reinforcing effects via a dopaminergic mechanism: Evidence of abuse potential. Addict Biol. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12850
Dardiotis E, Aloizou AM, Sakalakis E et al (2020) Organochlorine pesticide levels in Greek patients with Parkinson’s disease. Toxicol Rep 7:596–601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.03.011
Daza-Losada M, Ribeiro Do Couto B, Manzanedo C, Aguilar MA, Rodriguiz-Arias M, Minarro J (2007) Rewarding effects and reinstatement of MDMA-induced CPP in adolescent mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 32(8):1750–1759. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301309
Davidson C, Gow AJ, Lee TH, Ellinwood EH (2001) Methamphetamine neurotoxicity: necrotic and apoptotic mechanisms and relevance to human abuse and treatment. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 36(1):1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0173(01)00054-6
Dean BV, Stellpflug SJ, Burnett AM, Engebretsen KM (2013) 2C or not 2C: phenethylamine designer drug review. J Med Toxicol 9(2):172–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-013-0295-x
Elmore JS, Decker AM, Sulima A, Rice KC, Partilla JS, Blough BE, Baumann MH (2018) Comparative neuropharmacology of N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (NBOMe) hallucinogens and their 2C counterparts in male rats. Neuropharmacology 142:240–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.033
Eshleman AJ, Forster MJ, Wolfrum KM, Johnson RA, Janowsky A, Gatch MB (2014) Behavioral and neurochemical pharmacology of six psychoactive substituted phenethylamines: mouse locomotion, rat drug discrimination and in vitro receptor and transporter binding and function. Psychopharmacology 231(5):875–888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-013-3303-6
FDA (2017) Assessment of abuse potential of drugs guidance for industry. Food and Drug administration, pp 1–37. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/media/116739/download
Foster JD, Vaughan RA (2017) Phosphorylation mechanisms in dopamine transporter regulation. J ChemNeuroanat 83–84:10–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.10.004
Galaj E, Bi GH, Moore A et al (2020) Beta-caryophyllene inhibits cocaine addiction-related behavior by activation of PPARα and PPARγ: repurposing a FDA-approved food additive for cocaine use disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-00885-4
Gannon BM, Baumann MH, Walther D et al (2018) The abuse-related effects of pyrrolidine-containing cathinones are related to their potency and selectivity to inhibit the dopamine transporter. Neuropsychopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-018-0209-3
Gehrke BJ, Harrod SB, Cass WA, Bardo MT (2003) The effect of neurotoxic doses of methamphetamine on methamphetamine-conditioned place preference in rats. Psychopharmacology 166(3):249–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-002-1318-5
Gilbert DB, Cooper SJ (1985) β-Phenylethylamine and amphetamine compared in tests of anorexia and place-preference conditioning. In: Boulton AA, Maitre L, Bieck PR, Riederer P (eds) Neuropsychopharmacology of the trace amines: experimental and clinical aspects. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp 187–193
GovTrack.us (2012) S. 3187 112th Congress: food and drug administration safety and innovation act., 112th edn. Retrieved from https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-112s3187enr/pdf/BILLS-112s3187enr.pdf
Hansen DV, Hanson JE, Sheng M (2018) Microglia in Alzheimer’s disease. J Cell Biol 217(2):459–472. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201709069
Ikemoto S, Wise RA (2002) Rewarding effects of the cholinergic agents carbachol and neostigmine in the posterior ventral tegmental area. J Neurosci 22(22):9895. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-22-09895.2002
Liddelow SA, Guttenplan KA, Clarke LE et al (2017) Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia. Nature 541:481–487. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21029
Luikinga SJ, Perry CJ, Madsen HB, Lawrence AJ, Kim JH (2019) Effects of methamphetamine exposure on fear learning and memory in adult and adolescent rats. Neurochem Res 44(9):2081–2091. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-019-02845-x
Nagai F, Nonaka R, Satoh HisashiKamimura K (2007) The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain. Eur J Pharmacol 559(2–3):132–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.11.075
Nestler EJ (2012) Transcriptional mechanisms of drug addiction. ClinPsychopharmacolNeurosci 10(3):136–143. https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.2012.10.3.136
Noda Y, Mouri A, Ando Y et al (2010) Galantamine ameliorates the impairment of recognition memory in mice repeatedly treated with methamphetamine: involvement of allosteric potentiation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and dopaminergic-ERK1/2 systems. Int J Neuropsychopharm 13(10):1343–1354. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145710000222
Rickli A, Luethi D, Reinisch J, Buchy D, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (2015) Receptor interaction profiles of novel N-2-methoxybenzyl (NBOMe) derivatives of 2,5-dimethoxy-substituted phenethylamines (2C drugs). Neuropharmacology 99:546–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.034
Russo SJ, Nestler EJ (2013) The brain reward circuitry in mood disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 14(9):609–625. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3381
Seo JY, Hur KH, Ko YH et al (2019) A novel designer drug, 25N-NBOMe, exhibits abuse potential via the dopaminergic system in rodents. Brain Res Bull 152:19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.07.002
Shulgin AT, Shulgin A (1990) PiHKAL, The chmical love story. Transform Press, Berkely
Siokas V, Aslanidou P, Aloizou AM et al (2020) Does the CD33 rs3865444 polymorphism confer susceptibility to alzheimer’s disease? J MolNeurosci 70(6):851–860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-020-01507-w
Sofroniew MV, Vinters HV (2010) Astrocytes: biology and pathology. ActaNeuropathol 119(1):7–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-009-0619-8
Spanagel R (2017) Animal models of addiction. Dialog ClinNeurosci 19(3):247–258. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2017.19.3/rspanagel
Stephenson CP, Hunt GE, Topple AN, McGregor IS (1999) The distribution of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine “Ecstasy”-induced c-fos expression in rat brain. Neuroscience 92(3):1011–1023. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00049-4
Stoller A, Dolder PC, Bodmer M et al (2017) Mistaking 2C-P for 2C-B: what a difference a letter makes. J Anal Toxicol 41(1):77–79. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkw108
Teixeira-Gomes A, Costa VM, Feio-Azevedo R, BastosMde L, Carvalho F, Capela JP (2015) The neurotoxicity of amphetamines during the adolescent period. Int J Dev Neurosci 41:44–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.12.001
Thomas DM, Walker PD, Benjamins JA, Geddes TJ, Kuhn DM (2004) Methamphetamine neurotoxicity in dopamine nerve endings of the striatum is associated with microglial activation. J PharmacolExpTher 311(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.104.070961
Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wang GJ (2002) Role of dopamine in drug reinforcement and addiction in humans: results from imaging studies. BehavPharmacol 13(5–6):355–366. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008877-200209000-00008
Volkow ND, Wise RA, Baler R (2017) The dopamine motive system: implications for drug and food addiction. Nat Rev Neurosci 18(12):741–752. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2017.130
Xu W, Zhu JP, Angulo JA (2005) Induction of striatal pre- and postsynaptic damage by methamphetamine requires the dopamine receptors. Synapse (New York, NY) 58(2):110–121. https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.20185