Neurobiological Mechanisms of Pain in Sickle Cell Disease

Herrick, 1910, Peculiar elongated and sickle-shaped red blood corpuscles in a case of severe anemia. 1910, Arch Int Med, 6, 517, 10.1001/archinte.1910.00050330050003

Merskey, 1994, Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms, 2nd ed

Basbaum, 2009, Cellular and molecular mechanisms of pain, Cell, 139, 267, 10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.028

Costigan, 2009, Neuropathic pain: a maladaptive response of the nervous system to damage, Annu Rev Neurosci, 32, 1, 10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135531

Milligan, 2009, Pathological and protective roles of glia in chronic pain, Nat Rev Neurosci, 10, 23, 10.1038/nrn2533

Platt, 1991, Pain in sickle cell disease. Rates and risk factors, N Engl J Med, 325, 11, 10.1056/NEJM199107043250103

Ballas, 2005, Hospital readmission for adult acute sickle cell painful episodes: frequency, etiology, and prognostic significance, Am J Hematol, 79, 17, 10.1002/ajh.20336

Smith, 2008, Daily assessment of pain in adults with sickle cell disease, Ann Intern Med, 148, 94, 10.7326/0003-4819-148-2-200801150-00004

Latremoliere, 2009, Central sensitization: a generator of pain hypersensitivity by central neural plasticity, J Pain, 10, 895, 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.06.012

Dai, 2005, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the spinal cord contributes to neuropathic pain in a rat model of mononeuropathy, Eur J Neurosci, 21, 2467, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04091.x

Brousseau, 2004, The effect of magnesium on length of stay for pediatric sickle cell pain crisis, Acad Emerg Med, 11, 968, 10.1197/j.aem.2004.04.009

Hankins, 2008, Phase I study of magnesium pidolate in combination with hydroxycarbamide for children with sickle cell anaemia, Br J Haematol, 140, 80, 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06884.x

Bredt, 1992, Nitric oxide, a novel neuronal messenger, Neuron, 8, 3, 10.1016/0896-6273(92)90104-L

Elliott, 1995, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, mu and kappa opioid tolerance, and perspectives on new analgesic drug development, Neuropsychopharmacology, 13, 347, 10.1016/0893-133X(95)00083-P

Olesen, 2000, Nitric oxide mechanisms in migraine, Pathol Biol (Paris), 48, 648

Freire, 2009, Pain modulation by nitric oxide in the spinal cord, Front Neurosci, 3, 175, 10.3389/neuro.01.024.2009

Salerno, 2002, Progress in the development of selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, Curr Pharm Des, 8, 177, 10.2174/1381612023396375

Mao, 1995, Mechanisms of hyperalgesia and morphine tolerance: a current view of their possible interactions, Pain, 62, 259, 10.1016/0304-3959(95)00073-2

Malmberg, 1997, Preserved acute pain and reduced neuropathic pain in mice lacking PKCgamma, Science, 278, 279, 10.1126/science.278.5336.279

Khasar, 1999, Epinephrine produces a beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated mechanical hyperalgesia and in vitro sensitization of rat nociceptors, J Neurophysiol, 81, 1104, 10.1152/jn.1999.81.3.1104

Wang, 2006, Phosphorylation: a molecular switch in opioid tolerance, Life Sci, 79, 1681, 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.05.023

Colbran, 2004, Targeting of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, Biochem J, 378, 1, 10.1042/bj20031547

Takeuchi, 2002, Activation of nuclear Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression by stimulation of dopamine D2 receptor in transfected NG108–15 cells, J Neurochem, 82, 316, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00967.x

Qu, 2009, Role of the spinal cord NR2B-containing NMDA receptors in the development of neuropathic pain, Exp Neurol, 215, 298, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.10.018

Garry, 2000, Knock down of spinal NMDA receptors reduces NMDA and formalin evoked behaviors in rat, Neuroreport, 11, 49, 10.1097/00001756-200001170-00010

Bruggemann, 2000, Colocalization of the mu-opioid receptor and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II in distinct pain-processing brain regions, Brain Res Mol Brain Res, 85, 239, 10.1016/S0169-328X(00)00265-5

Carlton, 2002, Localization of CaMKIIalpha in rat primary sensory neurons: increase in inflammation, Brain Res, 947, 252, 10.1016/S0006-8993(02)02932-3

Fang, 2002, Calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II contributes to spinal cord central sensitization, J Neurosci, 22, 4196, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-10-04196.2002

Price, 2005, Pharmacological interactions between calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II alpha and TRPV1 receptors in rat trigeminal sensory neurons, Neurosci Lett, 389, 94, 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.07.029

Jones, 2007, Secondary hyperalgesia in the postoperative pain model is dependent on spinal calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha activation, Anesth Analg, 105, 1650, 10.1213/01.ane.0000287644.00420.49

Luo, 2008, Reversal of chronic inflammatory pain by acute inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 325, 267, 10.1124/jpet.107.132167

Chen, 2009, Acute inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II reverses experimental neuropathic pain in mice, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 330, 650, 10.1124/jpet.109.152165

Chen, 2010, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha is required for the initiation and maintenance of opioid-induced hyperalgesia, J Neurosci, 30, 38, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4346-09.2010

Zeitz, 2004, The contribution of autophosphorylated alpha-calcium-calmodulin kinase II to injury-induced persistent pain, Neuroscience, 128, 889, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.07.029

Jones, 2005, Activated PKA and PKC, but not CaMKIIalpha, are required for AMPA/Kainate-mediated pain behavior in the thermal stimulus model, Pain, 117, 259, 10.1016/j.pain.2005.06.003

Wang, 2003, Animal and cellular models of chronic pain, Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 55, 949, 10.1016/S0169-409X(03)00098-X

Nagel, 2001, The panoply of animal models for sickle cell anaemia, Br J Haematol, 112, 19, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02286.x

Fabry, 1992, High expression of human beta S- and alpha-globins in transgenic mice: erythrocyte abnormalities, organ damage, and the effect of hypoxia, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 89, 12155, 10.1073/pnas.89.24.12155

Trudel, 1990, Towards a mouse model for sickle cell disease: HB SAD, Nouv Rev Fr Hematol, 32, 407

Ryan, 1997, Knockout-transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease, Science, 278, 873, 10.1126/science.278.5339.873

Paszty, 1997, Transgenic knockout mice with exclusively human sickle hemoglobin and sickle cell disease, Science, 278, 876, 10.1126/science.278.5339.876

Chang, 1998, Transgenic knockout mice exclusively expressing human hemoglobin S after transfer of a 240-kb betas-globin yeast artificial chromosome: A mouse model of sickle cell anemia, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 14886, 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14886

Paszty, 1997, Transgenic and gene knock-out mouse models of sickle cell anemia and the thalassemias, Curr Opin Hematol, 4, 88, 10.1097/00062752-199704020-00003

Manci, 2006, Pathology of Berkeley sickle cell mice: similarities and differences with human sickle cell disease, Blood, 107, 1651, 10.1182/blood-2005-07-2839

Lunzer, 2007, Naloxone acts as a potent analgesic in transgenic mouse models of sickle cell anemia, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 6061, 10.1073/pnas.0700295104

Wilkie, 2010, Patient-reported outcomes: descriptors of nociceptive and neuropathic pain and barriers to effective pain management in adult outpatients with sickle cell disease, J Natl Med Assoc, 102, 18, 10.1016/S0027-9684(15)30471-5