Networking and innovation: a systematic review of the evidence

International Journal of Management Reviews - Tập 5-6 Số 3-4 - Trang 137-168 - 2004
Luke Pittaway1, Maxine Robertson2, Kerim Münir3, David Denyer4, Andy Neely5
1Institute for Entrepreneurship & Enterprise Development, Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster, LA1 4YX, UK
2IKON Research Centre, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
3University of Cambridge, Judge Institute of Management, Cambridge CB2 1AG, UK.
4Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL UK
5Advanced Institute of Management Research, 6 Huntsworth Mews, London Business School, London NW1 6DD, UK.

Tóm tắt

Recent work on competitiveness has emphasized the importance of business networking for innovativeness. Until recently, insights into the dynamics of this relationship have been fragmented. This paper presents a systematic review of research linking the networking behaviour of firms with their innovative capacity. We find that the principal benefits of networking as identified in the literature include: risk sharing; obtaining access to new markets and technologies; speeding products to market; pooling complementary skills; safeguarding property rights when complete or contingent contracts are not possible; and acting as a key vehicle for obtaining access to external knowledge. The evidence also illustrates that those firms which do not co‐operate and which do not formally or informally exchange knowledge limit their knowledge base long term and ultimately reduce their ability to enter into exchange relationships. At an institutional level, national systems of innovation play an important role in the diffusion of innovations in terms of the way in which they shape networking activity. The paper provides evidence suggesting that network relationships with suppliers, customers and intermediaries such as professional and trade associations are important factors affecting innovation performance and productivity. Where networks fail, it is due to inter‐firm conflict, displacement, lack of scale, external disruption and lack of infrastructure. The review identifies several gaps in the literature that need to be filled. For instance, there is a need for further exploration of the relationship between networking and different forms of innovation, such as process and organisational innovation. Similarly, we need better understanding of network dynamics and network configurations, as well as the role of third parties such as professional and trade associations. Our study highlights the need for interdisciplinary research in these areas.

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International Journal of Management Reviews

Tập 5-6 Số 3-4

137-168

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