Neighboring tree species alter uptake of NH4+ and NO3− by Chinese fir
Trees - 2020
Tóm tắt
Most of the plantations were planted with single species for economic reasons. Continuous planting of such single tree species over a longer period has led to a series of ecological problems including soil degradation, low stand productivity and ecosystem stability. Studies have suggested that mixed-species plantations have greater levels of ecosystem functions and services such as higher nutrient utilization and productivity than do monocultures. Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), as an important tree species of fast-growing timber, has been widely planted in subtropical areas of China over 4 decades. The growth of Chinese fir is largely modified by soil nutrient dynamics. To better manage Chinese fir plantation and provide suitable tree species selection for mixed Chinese fir, the study aims to explore the effect of different neighboring species on nitrogen (N) uptake of Chinese fir because N is a major nutrient limiting plant growth. Three typical species (Schima superba, Michelia macclurei, and Pinus massoniana) were selected to plant with Chinese firs. Similar size of 1-year-old seedlings was planted in pots, each containing one C. lanceolata and one other tree species, with two C. lanceolata seedlings in one pot as the control. After 6 months, the soil was labeled with 15NH4+ or 15NO3− at 0–5 cm and 5–15 cm depths. The results showed that the neighbor species identity caused the changes of Chinese firs biomass. The above- and below-ground biomass of Chinese firs in monoculture was 8.7 g and 4.2 g, respectively, while P. massoniana increased it by 60% and 40%, respectively. M. macclurei did not change the biomass of Chinese firs, while S. superba decreased the above- and below-ground biomass by 28% and 33%, respectively. Neighboring tree species increased N uptake rates of Chinese firs from the 5- to 15-cm-deep layer, but not from the 0- to 5-cm-deep layer. Chinese firs preferred NO3− in the 5- to 15-cm-deep layer, while in the 0- to 5-cm-deep layer, it did not show preference between the two N forms. These findings demonstrated, under the pot-specific vertical distribution patterns of roots, species interaction between certain neighboring species promoted the growth and N uptake of Chinese firs as they had flexible uptake strategies to use inorganic N in different soil layers. This pot study provided insights into forest management to enhance ecosystem services through the selection of appropriate combinations of tree species.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Adler PB, Smull D, Beard KH et al (2018) Competition and coexistence in plant communities: intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. Ecol Lett 21:1319–1329
Binkley D, Senock R, Bird S et al (2003) Twenty years of stand development in pure and mixed stands of Eucalyptus saligna and nitrogen-fixing Facaltaria moluccana. For Ecol Manag 182:93–102
Cao S, Ge S, Zhang Z et al (2011) Greening China naturally. Ambio 40:828–831
Cavard X, Bergeron Y, Chen H et al (2011) Competition and facilitation between tree species change with stand development. Oikos 120:1683–1695
Cui J, Yu C, Qiao N et al (2017) Plant preference for NH4+ versus NO3– at different growth stages in an alpine agroecosystem. Field Crop Res 201:192–199
Farley RA, Fitter AH (1999) Temporal and spatial variation in soil resources in a deciduous woodland. J Ecol 87:688–696
Fierer N, Schimel JP, Holden PA (2003) Variations in microbial community composition through two soil depth profiles. Soil Biol Biochem 35:167–176
Forrester DI (2014) The spatial and temporal dynamics of species interactions in mixed-species forests: From pattern to process. Forest Ecol Manag 312:282–292
Forrester DI, Bauhus J, Cowie AL et al (2006) Mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus with nitrogen-fixing trees: a review. Forest Ecol Manag 233:211–230
Gamfeldt L, Snäll T, Bagchi R et al (2013) Higher levels of multiple ecosystem services are found in forests with more tree species. Nat Commun 4:1340
Gartner TB, Cardon ZG (2004) Decomposition dynamics in mixed-species leaf litter. Oikos 104:230–246
Huang Z, Wan X, He Z et al (2013) Soil microbial biomass, community composition and soil nitrogen cycling in relation to tree species in subtropical China. Soil Biol Biochem 62:68–75
Huang Y, Chen Y, Castro-Izaguirre N et al (2018) Impacts of species richness on productivity in a large-scale subtropical forest experiment. Science 362:80–83
Kahmen A, Renker C, Unsicker SB et al (2006) Niche complementarity for nitrogen: an explanation for the biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relationship? Ecology 87:1244–1255
Kimmins JP, Blanco J, Seely B et al (2010) Forecasting forest futures: a hybrid modelling approach to the assessment of sustainability of forest ecosystems and their values. Int J Environ Stud 68(2):250–251
Kuang Y, Xu Y, Zhang L et al (2017) Dominant Trees in a Subtropical Forest Respond to Drought Mainly via Adjusting Tissue Soluble Sugar and Proline Content. Front Plant Sci 15(8):802
Lang AC, Oheimb GV, Scherer-Lorenzen M et al (2014) Mixed afforestation of young subtropical trees promotes nitrogen acquisition and retention. J Appl Ecol 51:224–233
le Maire G, Nouvellon Y, Christina M et al (2013) Tree and stand light use efficiencies over a full rotation of single- and mixed-species Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium plantations. For Ecol Manag 288:31–42
Li W, Lei P, Xiang W et al (2014) Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in pure and mixed stands of Pinus massoniana and Cinnamomum camphora differing in stand age. For Ecol Manag 328:150–158
Li C, Li Q, Qiao N et al (2015) Inorganic and organic nitrogen uptake by nine dominant subtropical tree species. iForest 9:253–258
Liu Q, Qiao N, Xu X et al (2016) Nitrogen acquisition by plants and microorganisms in a temperate grassland. Sci Rep 6:22642
Liu M, Li C, Xu X et al (2017) Organic and inorganic nitrogen uptake by 21 dominant tree species in temperate and tropical forests. Tree Physiol 37:1515–1526
Liu M, Xu F, Xu X et al (2018a) Age alters uptake pattern of organic and inorganic nitrogen by rubber trees. Tree Physiol 38:1685–1693
Liu B, Liu Q, Daryanto S et al (2018b) Responses of Chinese fir and Schima superba seedlings to light gradients: Implications for the restoration of mixed broadleaf-conifer forests from Chinese fir monocultures. For Ecol Manag 419–420:51–57
Liu M, Adl S, Cui X et al (2020) In situ methods of plant-microbial interactions for nitrogen in rhizosphere. Rhizosphere 13:100186
Ma W, Yang Y, He J et al (2008) Above- and belowground biomass in relation to environmental factors in temperate grasslands, Inner Mongolia. Sci China Ser C Life Sci 51:263–270
McKane RB, Johnson LC, Shaver GR et al (2002) Resource-based niches provide a basis for plant species diversity and dominance in arctic tundra. Nature 415:68–71
Owen AG, Jones DL (2001) Competition for amino acids between wheat roots and rhizosphere microorganisms and the role of amino acids in plant N acquisition. Soil Biol Biochem 33:651–657
Peng SL, Wang DX, Hui Z et al (2008) Discussion the status quality of plantation and near nature forestry management in China. J Northwest For Univ 23:184–188
Pommerening A, Meador AJS (2018) Tamm review: Tree interactions between myth and reality. Forest Ecol Manag 424:164–176
Ptak A, Gregoraszczuk EL (2015) The effect of biodiversity on tree productivity: from temperate to boreal forests. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 20:170–180
Schimann H, Ponton S, Hättenschwiler S et al (2008) Differing nitrogen use strategies of two tropical rainforest late successional tree species in French Guiana: Evidence from 15N natural abundance and microbial activities. Soil Biol Biochem 40:487–494
Setiawan NN, Vanhellemont M, Baeten L et al (2016) Does neighbourhood tree diversity affect the crown arthropod community in saplings? Biodivers Conserv 25:169–185
Song M, Tian Y, Xu X et al (2006) Interactions between root and shoot competition among four plant species in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. Acta Oecol 29:214–220
Tao YH, Feng JC, Ma LY (2011) Carbon storage and distribution of Masson pine, Chinese fir and eucalyptus plantations at Liuzhou, Guangxi Province. Ecol Environ Sci 20(11):1608–1613
Thompson I, Mackey B, Mcnulty S et al (2009) Forest resilience, biodiversity, and climate change: a synthesis of the biodiversity/resilience/stability relationship in forest ecosystems. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montrea
Trinder CJ, Robinson D (2013) Plant ecology’s guilty little secret: understanding the dynamics of plant competition. Funct Ecol 27:918–929
Wang H, Huang Y, Feng Z et al (2007) C and N stocks under three plantation forest ecosystems of Chinese fir, Michelia macclurei and their mixture. Front For China 2:251–259
Warren C (2009) Does nitrogen concentration affect relative uptake rates of nitrate, ammonium, and glycine? J Plant Nutr Soil Sc 172:224–229
Wei X, Blanco JA, Jiang H et al (2012) Effects of nitrogen deposition on carbon sequestration in Chinese fir forest ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 416:351–361
Yang ZJ, Chen GS, Xie JS et al (2010) Litter fall production and carbon return in Cunninghamia lanceolata,Schima superba,and their mixed plantations. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 21:2235–2240
Zhang J-W, D’Rozario A, Adams JM et al (2015) The occurrence of Pinus massoniana Lambert (Pinaceae) from the upper Miocene of Yunnan, SW China and its implications for paleogeography and paleoclimate. Rev Palaeobot Palyno 215:57–67