NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Head and Neck Cancers, Version 1.2022

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN - Tập 20 Số 3 - Trang 224-234 - 2022

Jimmy J. Caudell¹, Maura L. Gillison², Ellie Maghami³, Sharon Spencer⁴, David G. Pfister⁵, Douglas R. Adkins⁶, Andrew C. Birkeland⁷, David M. Brizel⁸, Paul M. Busse⁹, Anthony J. Cmelak¹⁰, A. Dimitrios Colevas¹¹, David W. Eisele¹², Thomas J. Galloway¹³, J.L. Geiger¹⁴, Robert I. Haddad¹⁵, Wesley L. Hicks¹⁶, Ying J. Hitchcock¹⁷, Antonio Jimeno¹⁸, Debra S. Leizman¹⁴, Loren K. Mell¹⁹, Bharat B. Mittal²⁰, Harlan A. Pinto¹¹, James W. Rocco²¹, Cristina P. Rodriguez²², P. Savvides²³, David A. Schwartz²⁴, Jatin P. Shah⁵, David J. Sher²⁵, Maie A. St. John²⁶, Randal S. Weber², Gregory S. Weinstein²⁷, Frank Worden²⁸, Justine Y. Bruce²⁹, Sue S. Yom³⁰, Weining Zhen³¹, Jennifer L. Burns³², Susan Darlow³²

¹1Moffitt Cancer Center;

²2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center;

³3City of Hope National Medical Center;

⁴4O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at UAB;

⁵5Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center;

⁶6Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine;

⁷7UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center;

⁸8Duke Cancer Institute;

⁹9Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center;

¹⁰10Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center;

¹¹11Stanford Cancer Institute;

¹²12The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins;

¹³13Fox Chase Cancer Center;

¹⁴14Case Comprehensive Cancer Center/University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute;

¹⁵15Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center;

¹⁶16Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center;

¹⁷17Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah;

¹⁸18University of Colorado Cancer Center;

¹⁹19UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center;

²⁰20Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University;

²¹21The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute;

²²22Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance;

²³23Mayo Clinic Cancer Center;

²⁴24St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center;

²⁵25UT Southwestern Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center;

²⁶26UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center;

²⁷27Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania;

²⁸28University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center;

²⁹29University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center;

³⁰30UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center;

³¹31Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; and

³²32National Comprehensive Cancer Network.

Tóm tắt

The NCCN Guidelines for Head and Neck Cancers address tumors arising in the oral cavity (including mucosal lip), pharynx, larynx, and paranasal sinuses. Occult primary cancer, salivary gland cancer, and mucosal melanoma (MM) are also addressed. The specific site of disease, stage, and pathologic findings guide treatment (eg, the appropriate surgical procedure, radiation targets, dose and fractionation of radiation, indications for systemic therapy). The NCCN Head and Neck Cancers Panel meets at least annually to review comments from reviewers within their institutions, examine relevant new data from publications and abstracts, and reevaluate and update their recommendations. These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize the panel’s most recent recommendations regarding management of HPV-positive oropharynx cancer and ongoing research in this area.

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Tài liệu tham khảo

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Ren, 2019, Human papillomavirus and p16 immunostaining, prevalence and prognosis of squamous carcinoma of unknown primary in the head and neck region, Int J Cancer, 145, 1465, 10.1002/ijc.32164

Lu, 2018, Human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer among patients aged 70 and older: Dramatically increased prevalence and clinical implications, Eur J Cancer, 103, 195, 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.08.015

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Rischin, 2010, Prognostic significance of p16INK4A and human papillomavirus in patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated on TROG 02.02 phase III trial, J Clin Oncol, 28, 4142, 10.1200/JCO.2010.29.2904

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Näsman, 2009, Incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tonsillar carcinoma in Stockholm, Sweden: an epidemic of viral-induced carcinoma?, Int J Cancer, 125, 362, 10.1002/ijc.24339

Chera, 2018, Mature results of a prospective study of deintensified chemoradiotherapy for low-risk human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, Cancer, 124, 2347, 10.1002/cncr.31338

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Bernier, 2005, Defining risk levels in locally advanced head and neck cancers: a comparative analysis of concurrent postoperative radiation plus chemotherapy trials of the EORTC (#22931) and RTOG (# 9501), Head Neck, 27, 843, 10.1002/hed.20279

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Dahlstrom, 2016, Proposed staging system for patients with HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer based on nasopharyngeal cancer N categories, J Clin Oncol, 34, 1848, 10.1200/JCO.2015.64.6448

Chaturvedi, 2008, Incidence trends for human papillomavirus-related and -unrelated oral squamous cell carcinomas in the United States, J Clin Oncol, 26, 612, 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.1713

Coordes, 2016, Meta-analysis of survival in patients with HNSCC discriminates risk depending on combined HPV and p16 status, Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 273, 2157, 10.1007/s00405-015-3728-0

Gillison, 2019, Human papillomavirus and the landscape of secondary genetic alterations in oral cancers, Genome Res, 29, 1, 10.1101/gr.241141.118

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Freitag, 2020, Extracapsular extension of neck nodes and absence of human papillomavirus 16-DNA are predictors of impaired survival in p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, Cancer, 126, 1856, 10.1002/cncr.32667

Steinau, 2014, Human papillomavirus prevalence in oropharyngeal cancer before vaccine introduction, United States, Emerg Infect Dis, 20, 822, 10.3201/eid2005.131311

Mehanna, 2013, Prevalence of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal and nonoropharyngeal head and neck cancer--systematic review and meta-analysis of trends by time and region, Head Neck, 35, 747, 10.1002/hed.22015

Sinha, 2015, High metastatic node number, not extracapsular spread or N-classification is a node-related prognosticator in transorally-resected, neck-dissected p16-positive oropharynx cancer, Oral Oncol, 51, 514, 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.02.098

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Gillison, 2012, Tobacco smoking and increased risk of death and progression for patients with p16-positive and p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 30, 2102, 10.1200/JCO.2011.38.4099

Spector, 2012, Matted nodes: poor prognostic marker in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma independent of HPV and EGFR status, Head Neck, 34, 1727, 10.1002/hed.21997

Posner, 2011, Survival and human papillomavirus in oropharynx cancer in TAX 324: a subset analysis from an international phase III trial, Ann Oncol, 22, 1071, 10.1093/annonc/mdr006

Rischin, 2021, Randomized trial of radiation therapy with weekly cisplatin or cetuximab in low-risk HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer (TROG 12.01)—a Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group Study, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 111, 876, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.04.015

Snow, 2010, Human papillomavirus detection in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, Adv Anat Pathol, 17, 394, 10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181f895c1

Lewis, 2018, Human papillomavirus testing in head and neck carcinomas: guideline from the College of American Pathologists, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 142, 559, 10.5858/arpa.2017-0286-CP

Lassen, 2018, Prognostic impact of HPV-associated p16-expression and smoking status on outcomes following radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer: the MARCH-HPV project, Radiother Oncol, 126, 107, 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.10.018

LeConte, 2018, Differences in the viral genome between HPV-positive cervical and oropharyngeal cancer, PLoS One, 13, e0203403, 10.1371/journal.pone.0203403

O’Sullivan, 2013, Deintensification candidate subgroups in human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer according to minimal risk of distant metastasis, J Clin Oncol, 31, 543, 10.1200/JCO.2012.44.0164

Al-Mamgani, 2013, Toxicity and outcome of intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer: a matched-pair analysis, Technol Cancer Res Treat, 12, 123, 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500305

Fullerton, 2020, Short-term mortality risks among patients with oropharynx cancer by human papillomavirus status, Cancer, 126, 1424, 10.1002/cncr.32652

Masterson, 2014, De-escalation treatment protocols for human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2, CD010271

Iyer, 2015, Detailed analysis of clinicopathologic factors demonstrate distinct difference in outcome and prognostic factors between surgically treated HPV-positive and negative oropharyngeal cancer, Ann Surg Oncol, 22, 4411, 10.1245/s10434-015-4525-0

Gillison, 2012, Prevalence of oral HPV infection in the United States, 2009-2010, JAMA, 307, 693, 10.1001/jama.2012.101

Li, 2012, Transoral endoscopic surgery: new surgical techniques for oropharyngeal cancer, Otolaryngol Clin North Am, 45, 823, 10.1016/j.otc.2012.04.006

Näsman, 2009, Incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tonsillar carcinoma in Stockholm, Sweden: an epidemic of viral-induced carcinoma?, Int J Cancer, 125, 362, 10.1002/ijc.24339

Prigge, 2017, Diagnostic accuracy of p16INK4a immunohistochemistry in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Int J Cancer, 140, 1186, 10.1002/ijc.30516

Chera, 2019, Phase II trial of de-intensified chemoradiotherapy for human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, J Clin Oncol, 37, 2661, 10.1200/JCO.19.01007

Sinha, 2012, Extracapsular spread and adjuvant therapy in human papillomavirus-related, p16-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma, Cancer, 118, 3519, 10.1002/cncr.26671

Psyrri, 2014, The current and future impact of human papillomavirus on treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, Ann Oncol, 25, 2101, 10.1093/annonc/mdu265

Agalliu, 2016, Associations of oral alpha-, beta-, and gamma-human papillomavirus types with risk of incident head and neck cancer, JAMA Oncol, 2, 599, 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.5504

Kaczmar, 2016, HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer: risk factors for treatment failure in patients managed with primary transoral robotic surgery, Head Neck, 38, 59, 10.1002/hed.23850

Mehanna, 2019, Radiotherapy plus cisplatin or cetuximab in low-risk human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer (De-ESCALaTE HPV): an open-label randomised controlled phase 3 trial, Lancet, 393, 51, 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32752-1

Singhi, 2010, Comparison of human papillomavirus in situ hybridization and p16 immunohistochemistry in the detection of human papillomavirus-associated head and neck cancer based on a prospective clinical experience, Cancer, 116, 2166, 10.1002/cncr.25033

Haughey, 2012, Prognostic factors and survival unique to surgically treated p16+ oropharyngeal cancer, Laryngoscope, 122, S13, 10.1002/lary.23493

Gillison, 2000, Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers, J Natl Cancer Inst, 92, 709, 10.1093/jnci/92.9.709

Gillison, 2012, Prevalence of oral HPV infection in the United States, 2009-2010, JAMA, 307, 693, 10.1001/jama.2012.101

Maxwell, 2013, Extracapsular spread in head and neck carcinoma: impact of site and human papillomavirus status, Cancer, 119, 3302, 10.1002/cncr.28169

Mehanna, 2017, Update on de-intensification and intensification studies in HPV, Recent Results Cancer Res, 206, 251, 10.1007/978-3-319-43580-0_20

Vainshtein, 2016, Matted nodes: high distant-metastasis risk and a potential indication for intensification of systemic therapy in human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer, Head Neck, 38, E805, 10.1002/hed.24105

Gillison, 2012, Human papillomavirus and diseases of the upper airway: head and neck cancer and respiratory papillomatosis, Vaccine, 30, F34, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.070

Weinberger, 2006, Molecular classification identifies a subset of human papillomavirus--associated oropharyngeal cancers with favorable prognosis, J Clin Oncol, 24, 736, 10.1200/JCO.2004.00.3335

Yom, 2021, Reduced-dose radiation therapy for HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma (NRG Oncology HN002), J Clin Oncol, 39, 956, 10.1200/JCO.20.03128

Spector, 2012, Matted nodes: poor prognostic marker in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma independent of HPV and EGFR status, Head Neck, 34, 1727, 10.1002/hed.21997

Chaturvedi, 2019, Prevalence of oral HPV infection in unvaccinated men and women in the United States, 2009-2016, JAMA, 322, 977, 10.1001/jama.2019.10508

Snow, 2010, Human papillomavirus detection in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, Adv Anat Pathol, 17, 394, 10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181f895c1

Weinberger, 2006, Molecular classification identifies a subset of human papillomavirus--associated oropharyngeal cancers with favorable prognosis, J Clin Oncol, 24, 736, 10.1200/JCO.2004.00.3335

An, 2017, The prognostic value of extranodal extension in human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, Cancer, 123, 2762, 10.1002/cncr.30598

Li, 2012, Transoral endoscopic surgery: new surgical techniques for oropharyngeal cancer, Otolaryngol Clin North Am, 45, 823, 10.1016/j.otc.2012.04.006

Kofler, 2014, New treatment strategies for HPV-positive head and neck cancer, Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 271, 1861, 10.1007/s00405-013-2603-0

Ferris, 2022, Phase II randomized trial of transoral surgery and low-dose intensity modulated radiation therapy in resectable p16+ locally advanced oropharynx cancer: an ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group Trial (E3311), J Clin Oncol, 40, 138, 10.1200/JCO.21.01752

Chaturvedi, 2011, Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States, J Clin Oncol, 29, 4294, 10.1200/JCO.2011.36.4596

Cooper, 2004, Postoperative concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy for high-risk squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck, N Engl J Med, 350, 1937, 10.1056/NEJMoa032646

Psyrri, 2014, The current and future impact of human papillomavirus on treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, Ann Oncol, 25, 2101, 10.1093/annonc/mdu265

Dahlstrom, 2016, Proposed staging system for patients with HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer based on nasopharyngeal cancer N categories, J Clin Oncol, 34, 1848, 10.1200/JCO.2015.64.6448

Beachler, 2015, Multisite HPV16/18 vaccine efficacy against cervical, anal, and oral HPV infection, J Natl Cancer Inst, 108, 108

Lei, 2020, HPV vaccination and the risk of invasive cervical cancer, N Engl J Med, 383, 1340, 10.1056/NEJMoa1917338

da Silva, 2020, Role of HPV 16 variants among cervical carcinoma samples from Northeastern Brazil, BMC Womens Health, 20, 162, 10.1186/s12905-020-01035-0

Steinau, 2014, Human papillomavirus prevalence in oropharyngeal cancer before vaccine introduction, United States, Emerg Infect Dis, 20, 822, 10.3201/eid2005.131311

Gillison, 2012, Tobacco smoking and increased risk of death and progression for patients with p16-positive and p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 30, 2102, 10.1200/JCO.2011.38.4099

Coordes, 2016, Meta-analysis of survival in patients with HNSCC discriminates risk depending on combined HPV and p16 status, Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 273, 2157, 10.1007/s00405-015-3728-0

Mehanna, 2017, Update on de-intensification and intensification studies in HPV, Recent Results Cancer Res, 206, 251, 10.1007/978-3-319-43580-0_20

Sinha, 2012, Extracapsular spread and adjuvant therapy in human papillomavirus-related, p16-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma, Cancer, 118, 3519, 10.1002/cncr.26671

Fakhry, 2017, Development and validation of nomograms predictive of overall and progression-free survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 35, 4057, 10.1200/JCO.2016.72.0748

Palma, A phase II randomized trial of treatment de-escalation for HPV associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: radiotherapy vs trans-oral surgery (ORATOR 2)

Cooper, 2004, Postoperative concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy for high-risk squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck, N Engl J Med, 350, 1937, 10.1056/NEJMoa032646

Lang Kuhs, 2020, Transcervical sonography and human papillomavirus 16 E6 antibodies are sensitive for the detection of oropharyngeal cancer, Cancer, 126, 2658, 10.1002/cncr.32799

An, 2017, The prognostic value of extranodal extension in human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, Cancer, 123, 2762, 10.1002/cncr.30598

Jordan, 2012, Validation of methods for oropharyngeal cancer HPV status determination in US cooperative group trials, Am J Surg Pathol, 36, 945, 10.1097/PAS.0b013e318253a2d1

Masterson, 2014, De-escalation treatment protocols for human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2, CD010271

Fakhry, 2017, Development and validation of nomograms predictive of overall and progression-free survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 35, 4057, 10.1200/JCO.2016.72.0748

Lewis, 2018, Human papillomavirus testing in head and neck carcinomas: guideline from the College of American Pathologists, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 142, 559, 10.5858/arpa.2017-0286-CP

Lassen, 2009, Effect of HPV-associated p16INK4A expression on response to radiotherapy and survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, J Clin Oncol, 27, 1992, 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.2853

Fakhry, 2014, Human papillomavirus and overall survival after progression of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, J Clin Oncol, 32, 3365, 10.1200/JCO.2014.55.1937

Beachler, 2015, Multisite HPV16/18 vaccine efficacy against cervical, anal, and oral HPV infection, J Natl Cancer Inst, 108, 108

Chaturvedi, 2018, Effect of prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on oral HPV infections among young adults in the United States, J Clin Oncol, 36, 262, 10.1200/JCO.2017.75.0141

Ndiaye, 2014, HPV DNA, E6/E7 mRNA, and p16INK4a detection in head and neck cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Lancet Oncol, 15, 1319, 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70471-1

Hinni, 2013, Margin mapping in transoral surgery for head and neck cancer, Laryngoscope, 123, 1190, 10.1002/lary.23900

Jordan, 2012, Validation of methods for oropharyngeal cancer HPV status determination in US cooperative group trials, Am J Surg Pathol, 36, 945, 10.1097/PAS.0b013e318253a2d1

Garden, 2013, Outcomes and patterns of care of patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma treated in the early 21st century, Radiat Oncol, 8, 21, 10.1186/1748-717X-8-21

Cantley, 2011, Ancillary studies in determining human papillomavirus status of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: a review, Pathol Res Int, 2011, 138469, 10.4061/2011/138469

LeConte, 2018, Differences in the viral genome between HPV-positive cervical and oropharyngeal cancer, PLoS One, 13, e0203403, 10.1371/journal.pone.0203403

Sher, 2017, Radiation therapy for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: executive summary of an ASTRO evidence-based clinical practice guideline, Pract Radiat Oncol, 7, 246, 10.1016/j.prro.2017.02.002