Multiresidue Determination of Fungicides in Wine by Solvent Demulsification-Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Tóm tắt
Fungicides are applied from plant development to grape production, transport, and storage. Even after fruit processing, residues of these compounds can be present in grape by-products such as wine and juice. In this way, a fast and straightforward method based on solvent demulsification-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (SD-DLLME) sample preparation was developed, validated, and applied for the multiresidue determination of 30 fungicides in wine using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The evaluated SD-DLLME parameters were agitation types, extraction and dispersive solvent type, extraction and dispersive solvent volume, sample pH, and salt types. Sample preparation using SD-DLLME avoids the centrifugation step. Validation was performed using spiked blank sample and satisfactory results for accuracy, with recoveries ranging from 70 to 117% and precision in terms of relative standard deviation ≤20%, except for three compounds at the lowest spiked level. For most of the compounds, the practical method limits of detection and quantification were 0.03 and 0.1 μg L−1, respectively. The method was successfully applied in commercial wine samples in which several pesticides were found at concentrations ranging from 0.109 to 10.6 μg L−1.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abdallah OI, Ahmed NS (2019) Development of a vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-DLLME) and LC-MS/MS procedure for simultaneous determination of fipronil and its metabolite fipronil sulfone in tomato fruits. Food Anal Meth 12:2314–2325
Ahmad W, Al-Sibaai AA, Bashammakh AS, Alwael H, El-Shahawi MS (2015) Recent advances in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for pesticide analysis. Trac-Trend Anal Chem 72:181–192
Anastas PT (1999) Green chemistry and the role of analytical methodology development. Critical Reviews in Anal Chem 29:167–175
ANVISA (Brazil's National Health Surveillance Agency) (2022) Pesticides monographs available in: https://www.gov.br/anvisa/pt-br/acessoainformacao/dadosabertos/informacoes-analiticas/monografias-de-agrotoxicos
Arthur CL, Pawliszyn J (1990) Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers. Anal Chem 62:2145–2148
Bernardi G, Kemmerich M, Adaime MB, Prestes OD, Zanella R (2020) Miniaturized QuEChERS method for determination of 97 pesticide residues in wine by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Methods 12:2682–2692
Bolzan CM, Caldas SS, Guimarães BS, Primel EG (2015) Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of triazine, neonicotinoid, triazole and imidazolinone pesticides in mineral water samples. J Braz Chem Soc 26:1902–1913
Caldas SS, Rombaldi C, Arias JLO, Marube LC, Primel EG (2016) Multi-residue method for determination of 58 pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water using solvent demulsification dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 146:676–688
Carpinteiro I, Ramil M, Rodríguez I, Cela R (2010) Determination of fungicides in wine by mixed-mode solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1217:7484–7492
Castro G, Pérez-Mayán L, Rodríguez-Cabo T, Rodríguez I, Ramil M, Cela R (2018) Multianalyte, high-throughput liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the sensitive determination of fungicides and insecticides in wine. Anal Bioanal Chem 410:1139–1150
Čepo DV, Pelajić M, Vrček IV, Krivohlavek A, Žuntar I, Karoglan M (2018) Differences in the levels of pesticides, metals, sulphites and ochratoxin A between organically and conventionally produced wines. Food Chem. 246:394–403
Chen H, Chen R, Li S (2010) Low-density extraction solvent-based solvent terminated dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of carbamate pesticides in water samples. J Chromatogr A 1217:1244–1248
Chen B, Wu F, Wu W, Jin B, Xie L, Feng W, Ouyang G (2016) Determination of 27 pesticides in wine by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Microchem J 126:415–422
Chu S, Tseng W, Kong P, Huang C, Chen J, Chen P, Huang S (2015) Up-and-down-shaker-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of fungicides in wine. Food Chem 185:377–382
Cinelli G, Avino P, Notardonato I, Russo MV (2014) Ultrasound-vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography with a nitrogen–phosphorus detector for simultaneous and rapid determination of organophosphorus pesticides and triazines in wine. Anal Methods 6:782–790
Cui S, Chen Q, Wang W, Mioa J, Wang A, Chen J (2013) Ultra-preconcentration and determination of multiple pesticide residues in water samples using ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and GC-FID. Chromatographia 76:671–678
Vargas TS, Salustriano NA, Klein B, Romão W, Silva SRCD, Wagner R, Scherer R (2018) Fungicides in red wines produced in South America. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 35:2135–2144
PAN Europe (2008) European wines systematically contaminated with pesticide residues, available: https://www.pan-europe.info/press-releases/2008/03/european-wines-systematically-contaminated-pesticide-residues.
Farajzadeha MA, Mogaddama MRA, Ghorbanpour H (2014) Development of a new microextraction method based on elevated temperature dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for determination of triazole pesticides residues in honey by gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detection. J Chromatogr A 1347:8–16
Fatemi MH, Hadjmohammadi MR, Shakeri P, Biparva P (2012) Extraction optimization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by alcoholic-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and their determination by HPLC. J Sep Sci 35:86–92
Gao S, Yang X, Yu W, Liu Z, Zhang H (2012) Ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid/ionic liquid-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of sulfonamides in infant formula milk powder using high-performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 99:875–882
Guo L, Lee HK (2012) Low-density solvent based ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction and on-column derivatization combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of carbamate pesticides in environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 1235:1–9
Gure A, Lara FJ, García-Campaña AM, Megersa N, Olmo-Iruela M (2015) Vortex-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in wine samples by capillary high-performance liquid chromatography. Food Chem 170:348–353
He J, Zhang B, Zhang H, Hao L-L, Ma T-Z, Wang J, Han S-Y (2019) Monitoring of 49 pesticides and 17 mycotoxins in wine by QuEChERS and UHPLC–MS/MS analysis. J Food Sci 84:2688–2697
Hou X, Zheng X, Zhang C, Ma X, Ling Q, Zhao L (2014) Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of a floating organic droplet followed by gas chromatography for the determination of eight pyrethroid pesticides in tea samples. J Chromatogr B 969:123–127
Kemmerich M, Rizzetti TM, Martins ML, Prestes OD, Adaime MB, Zanella R (2015) Optimization by central composite design of a modified QuEChERS method for extraction of pesticide multiresidue in sweet pepper and analysis by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Anal Meth 8:728–739
Kocúrová L, Balogh IS, Šandrejová J, Andruch V (2012) Recent advances in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using organic solvents lighter than water. A review. Microchem J 102:11–17
Kosma CI, Koloka OL, Albanis TA, Konstantinou IK (2021) Accurate mass screening of pesticide residues in wine by modified QuEChERS and LC-hybrid LTQ/Orbitrap-MS. Food Chem. 360:130008
Liu L, Matsadiq G, Zhou H, Li J (2010) Application of DLLME to the determination of pyrethroids in aqueous samples. Chromatographia 72:1017–1020
Liu S, Bai A, Song L, Zou N, Han Y, Zhou L, Yu C, Li C, Pan C (2021) Utilizing a rapid multi-plug filtration cleanup method for 72 pesticide residues in grape wines followed by detection with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Foods 10:2731
Martins ML, Prestes OD, Adaime MB, Zanella R (2014) Determination of pesticides and related compounds in water by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal. Methods 6:5020–5027
Pelajić M, Peček G, Mutavdžić D, Pavlović D, Čepo V (2016) Novel multiresidue method for determination of pesticides in red wine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and solid phase extraction. Food Chem 200:98–106
Pérez-Mayán L, Ramil M, Cela R, Rodríguez I (2021) Determination of pesticide residues in wine by solid-phase extraction on-line combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Food Compos Anal 104:104184
Primel EG, Caldas SS, Marube LC, Escarrone ALV (2017) An overview of advances in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of pesticides and emerging contaminants from environmental samples. Trends Environ Anal Chem 14:1–18
Rezaee M, Assadi Y, Milani Hosseini MR, Aghaee E, Ahmadi F, Berijani S (2006) Determination of organic compounds in water using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr A 1116:1-9.
Rodríguez-Cabo T, Rodríguez I, Ramil M, Cela R (2011) Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using non-chlorinated, lighter than water solvents for gas chromatography–mass spectrometry determination of fungicides in wine. J Chromatogr A 1218:6603–6611
Seebunrueng K, Santaladchaiyakit Y, Srijaranai S (2014) Vortex assisted low density solvent based demulsified dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. Chemosphere 103:51–58
Timofeeva I, Kanashina D, Moskvin L, Bulatov A (2017) An evaporation-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction technique as a simple tool for high performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry determination of insecticides in wine. J Chromatogr A 1512:107–114
Viñas P, Campillo N, Andruch V (2015) Recent achievements in solidified floating organic drop microextraction. Trac-Trend Anal Chem 68:48–77
Wang J, Cheung W (2016) UHPLC/ESI-MS/MS determination of 187 pesticides in wine. J AOAC Intern 99:539–557
Wang S, Ren L, Xu Y, Liu F (2011) Application of ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction followed high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of fungicides in red wine. Microchim Acta 173:453–457
Wu C, Liu H, Liu W, Wu Q, Wang C, Wang Z (2010) Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic droplet followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 397:2543–2549
You X, Wang S, Liu F, Shi K (2013) Ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction based on the solidification of a floating organic droplet used for the simultaneous determination of six fungicide residues in juices and red wine. J Chromatogr A 1300:64–69
Zacharis CK, Tzanavaras PD, Roubos K, Dhima K (2010) Solvent-based de-emulsification dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for determination of trace organochlorine pesticides in environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 1217:5896–5900
Zhang Y, Lee HK (2012) Application of ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction based on applying low-density organic solvent for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in water samples. J Chromatogr A 1252:67–73
Zhang H, Li Y, Zhu J, Li H, Li D, Liu Z, Sun X, Wang B, Wang Q, Gao Y (2019) Disposable pipette extraction (DPX) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues in wine samples. Food Anal Meth 12:2262–2272
Zhao Z, Yang X, Zhao X, Bai B, Yao C, Liu N, Wang J, Zhou C (2017) Vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the analysis of major Aspergillus and Penicillium mycotoxins in rice wine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Control 73:862–868