Multiple Resources and Mental Workload
Tóm tắt
Objective: The objective is to lay out the rationale for multiple resource theory and the particular 4-D multiple resource model, as well as to show how the model is useful both as a design tool and as a means of predicting multitask workload overload. Background: I describe the discoveries and developments regarding multiple resource theory that have emerged over the past 50 years that contribute to performance and workload prediction. Method: The article presents a history of the multiple resource concept, a computational version of the multiple resource model applied to multitask driving simulation data, and the relation of multiple resources to workload. Results: Research revealed the importance of the four dimensions in accounting for task interference and the association of resources with brain structure. Multiple resource models yielded high correlations between model predictions and data. Lower correlations also identified the existence of additional resources. Conclusion: The model was shown to be partially relevant to the concept of mental workload, with greatest relevance to performance breakdowns related to dual-task overload. Future challenges are identified. Application: The most important application of the multiple resource model is to recommend design changes when conditions of multitask resource overload exist.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Baddeley, A.D., 1986, Working memory
Broadbent, D., 1971, Decision and stress
Gore, B.F., 2005, New integrated modeling capabilities: MIDAS' recent behavioral enhancements (SAW-2005-01-2701)
Grier, R., To be presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
Hart, S.G. & Wickens, C.D. (1990). Workload assessment and prediction. In H. R. Booher (Ed.), MANPRINT: An approach to systems integration (pp. 257-296). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Horrey, W.J., Proceedings of the Second International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design
Kahneman, D., 1973, Attention and effort
Kramer, A.F. & Parasuraman, R. (2007). Neuroergonomics: Applications of neuroscience to human factors. In J. T. Cacioppo, L. G. Tassinary, & G. G. Berntson (Eds.), Handbook of psychophysiology (3rd ed., pp. 704-722). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Leibowitz, H. & Post, R. (1982). The two modes of processing concept and some implications . In J. Beck (Ed.), Organization and representation in perception (pp. 343-363). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Meyer, D.E., 1997, Accounts of psychological refractory-period phenomena. Psychological Review, 104, 749
North, R., Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society
Pashler, H., 1998, The psychology of attention
Strayer, D. & Drews, F. (2007). Multi-tasking in the automobile. In D. W. A. Kramer, D. Wiegmann , &A. Kirlik (Eds.), Attention: From theory to practice (pp. 121-133). New York: Oxford University Press.
Trafton, J.G. & Monk, C.A. (2008). Task interruptions. In D. A. Boehm-Davis (Ed.), Reviews of human factors and ergonomics (Vol. 3, pp. 111-126). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Wickens, C.D. (1980). The structure of attentional resources. In R. Nickerson (Ed.), Attention and performance VIII (pp. 239-257). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Wickens, C.D. (1984). Processing resources in attention. In R. Parasuraman & R. Davies (Eds.), Varieties of attention (pp. 63-101). New York: Academic Press.
Wickens, C.D. (2005). Multiple resource time sharing models. In N. Stanton, A. Hedge, K. Brookhuis, E. Salas, & H. Hendrick (Eds.), Handbook of human factors and ergonomics methods (pp. 40.1-40.7). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Wickens, C.D., International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Wickens, C.D., Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 49th Annual Meeting-2005
Wickens, C.D., 2000, Engineering psychology and human performance, 3
Wickens, C.D., 2008, Applied attention theory