Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis of Dutch Bordetella pertussis Strains Reveals Rapid Genetic Changes with Clonal Expansion during the Late 1990s

Journal of Bacteriology - Tập 186 Số 16 - Trang 5496-5505 - 2004
Leo M. Schouls1, Han G. J. van der Heide1, Luc Vauterin2, P. Vauterin2, Frits R. Mooi1
1Laboratory for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
2Applied Maths, Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium

Tóm tắt

ABSTRACT Bordetella pertussis , the causative agent of whooping cough, has remained endemic in The Netherlands despite extensive nationwide vaccination since 1953. In the 1990s, several epidemic periods have resulted in many cases of pertussis. We have proposed that strain variation has played a major role in the upsurges of this disease in The Netherlands. Therefore, molecular characterization of strains is important in identifying the causes of pertussis epidemiology. For this reason, we have developed a multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) typing system for B. pertussis . By combining the MLVA profile with the allelic profile based on multiple-antigen sequence typing, we were able to further differentiate strains. The relationships between the various genotypes were visualized by constructing a minimum spanning tree. MLVA of Dutch strains of B. pertussis revealed that the genotypes of the strains isolated in the prevaccination period were diverse and clearly distinct from the strains isolated in the 1990s. Furthermore, there was a decrease in diversity in the strains from the late 1990s, with a remarkable clonal expansion that coincided with the epidemic periods. Using this genotyping, we have been able to show that B. pertussis is much more dynamic than expected.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Benson, G. 1999. Tandem repeats finder: a program to analyze DNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res.27:573-580.

Bisgard, K. M., C. D. Christie, S. F. Reising, G. N. Sanden, P. K. Cassiday, C. Gomersall, W. A. Wattigney, N. E. Roberts, and P. M. Strebel. 2001. Molecular epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile: Cincinnati, 1989-1996. J. Infect. Dis.183:1360-1367.

Cassiday, P., G. Sanden, K. Heuvelman, F. Mooi, K. M. Bisgard, and T. Popovic. 2000. Polymorphism in Bordetella pertussis pertactin and pertussis toxin virulence factors in the United States, 1935-1999. J. Infect. Dis.182:1402-1408.

10.1128/AEM.67.9.4091-4095.2001

Crowcroft, N. S., and J. Britto. 2002. Whooping cough—a continuing problem. Br. Med. J.324:1537-1538.

de Melker, H. E., J. F. Schellekens, S. E. Neppelenbroek, F. R. Mooi, H. C. Rumke, and M. A. Conyn-van Spaendonck. 2000. Reemergence of pertussis in the highly vaccinated population of the Netherlands: observations on surveillance data. Emerg. Infect. Dis.6:348-357.

10.1128/JCM.39.1.14-23.2001

10.1128/JCM.38.3.1008-1015.2000

Enright, M. C., and B. G. Spratt. 1998. A multilocus sequence typing scheme for Streptococcus pneumoniae: identification of clones associated with serious invasive disease. Microbiology144:3049-3060.

10.1128/JCM.40.12.4612-4618.2002

10.1128/JCM.39.9.3186-3192.2001

Frothingham, R., and W. A. Meeker-O'Connell. 1998. Genetic diversity in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex based on variable numbers of tandem DNA repeats. Microbiology144:1189-1196.

10.1128/IAI.69.9.5520-5528.2001

Guris, D., P. M. Strebel, B. Bardenheier, M. Brennan, R. Tachdjian, E. Finch, M. Wharton, and J. R. Livengood. 1999. Changing epidemiology of pertussis in the United States: increasing reported incidence among adolescents and adults, 1990-1996. Clin. Infect. Dis.28:1230-1237.

He, Q., J. Makinen, G. Berbers, F. R. Mooi, M. K. Viljanen, H. Arvilommi, and J. Mertsola. 2003. Bordetella pertussis protein pertactin induces type-specific antibodies: one possible explanation for the emergence of antigenic variants? J. Infect. Dis.187:1200-1205.

Keim, P., A. M. Klevytska, L. B. Price, J. M. Schupp, G. Zinser, K. L. Smith, M. E. Hugh-Jones, R. Okinaka, K. K. Hill, and P. J. Jackson. 1999. Molecular diversity in Bacillus anthracis. J. Appl. Microbiol.87:215-217.

King, A. J., G. Berbers, H. F. van Oirschot, P. Hoogerhout, K. Knipping, and F. R. Mooi. 2001. Role of the polymorphic region 1 of the Bordetella pertussis protein pertactin in immunity. Microbiology147:2885-2895.

10.1128/JCM.39.9.3179-3185.2001

10.1128/JCM.41.9.4388-4394.2003

Maiden, M. C. J., J. A. Bygraves, E. Feil, G. Morelli, J. E. Russell, R. Urwin, Q. Zhang, J. J. Zhou, K. Zurth, D. A. Caugant, I. M. Feavers, M. Achtman, and B. G. Spratt. 1998. Multilocus sequence typing: a portable approach to the identification of clones within populations of pathogenic microorganisms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA95:3140-3145.

Margalef, R. 1958. Information theory in ecology. Gen. Syst.3:36-71.

Mastrantonio, P., P. Spigaglia, H. van Oirschot, H. G. van der Heide, K. Heuvelman, P. Stefanelli, and F. R. Mooi. 1999. Antigenic variants in Bordetella pertussis strains isolated from vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Microbiology145:2069-2075.

10.1128/IAI.67.6.3133-3134.1999

Mooi, F. R., I. H. van Loo, and A. J. King. 2001. Adaptation of Bordetella pertussis to vaccination: a cause for its reemergence? Emerg. Infect. Dis.7:526-528.

10.1128/IAI.66.2.670-675.1998

O'Rourke J. 1998. Computational geometry in C 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press Cambridge England.

10.1128/JCM.41.5.1819-1826.2003

10.1128/JCM.41.4.1801-1804.2003

10.1086/320754

Syedabubakar, S. N., R. C. Matthews, N. W. Preston, D. Owen, and V. Hillier. 1995. Application of pulsed field gel electrophoresis to the 1993 epidemic of whooping cough in the United Kingdom. Epidemiol. Infect.115:101-113.

10.1128/iai.65.12.5017-5027.1997

van Boven, M., H. E. de Melker, J. F. Schellekens, and M. Kretzschmar. 2000. Waning immunity and sub-clinical infection in an epidemic model: implications for pertussis in The Netherlands. Math. Biosci.164:161-182.

10.1128/jcm.31.8.2134-2140.1993

van der Zee, A., H. Groenendijk, M. Peeters, and F. R. Mooi. 1996. The differentiation of Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica from humans and animals as determined by DNA polymorphism mediated by two different insertion sequence elements suggests their phylogenetic relationship. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.46:640-647.

van der Zee, A., S. Vernooij, M. Peeters, J. van Embden, and F. R. Mooi. 1996. Dynamics of the population structure of Bordetella pertussis as measured by IS1002-associated RFLP: comparison of pre- and post-vaccination strains and global distribution. Microbiology142:3479-3485.

10.1128/JCM.40.6.1994-2001.2002

van Loo, I. H., H. G. van der Heide, N. J. Nagelkerke, J. Verhoef, and F. R. Mooi. 1999. Temporal trends in the population structure of Bordetella pertussis during 1949-1996 in a highly vaccinated population. J. Infect. Dis.179:915-923.

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of Bacteriology

Tập 186 Số 16

5496-5505

Thông tin tác giả