Mucins and Pancreatic Cancer

Bardeesy, 2002, Pancreatic cancer biology and genetics, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2, 897, 10.1038/nrc949

Schneider, 2005, Pancreatic cancer: basic and clinical aspects, Gastroenterology, 128, 1606, 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.04.001

Batty, 2009, Markers involved in resistance to cytotoxics and targeted therapeutics in pancreatic cancer, Cancer Treat. Rev., 35, 167, 10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.10.002

Kang, 2008, Pharmacogenomics and pancreatic cancer treatment. Optimizing current therapy and individualizing future therapy, JOP: J. Pancreas, 9, 251

Hruban, 2007, Precursors to pancreatic cancer, Gastroenterol. Clin. North. Am., 36, 831, 10.1016/j.gtc.2007.08.012

Hruban, 2000, Genetic progression in the pancreatic ducts, Am. J. Pathol., 156, 1821, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65054-7

Figueiredo, 2009, Pancreatic endocrine tumors: a large single-center experience, Pancreas, 38, 936, 10.1097/MPA.0b013e3181b365db

Dekker, 2002, The MUC family: an obituary, Trends Biochem. Sci., 27, 126, 10.1016/S0968-0004(01)02052-7

Van Seuningen, I. (2008). The Epithelial Mucins: Structure/Function. Roles in Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases, Research Signpost.

Yamazoe, 2010, RNA interference suppression of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) reduces the adhesive and invasive capacity of human pancreatic cancer cells, J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res., 29, 53, 10.1186/1756-9966-29-53

Van Seuningen, I. (2008). The Epithelial Mucins: Structure/Function. Roles in Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases, Research Signpost.

Jonckheere, 2008, The membrane-bound mucins: how large O-glycoproteins play key roles in epithelial cancers and hold promise as biological tools for gene-based and immunotherapies, Crit. Rev. Oncog., 14, 177, 10.1615/CritRevOncog.v14.i2-3.30

Jonckheere, 2010, The membrane-bound mucins: From cell signalling to transcriptional regulation and expression in epithelial cancers, Biochimie, 92, 1, 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.09.018

Lan, 1990, Cloning and sequencing of a human pancreatic tumor mucin cDNA, J. Biol. Chem., 265, 15294, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)77255-4

Ligtenberg, 1990, Episialin, a carcinoma-associated mucin, is generated by a polymorphic gene encoding splice variants with alternative amino termini, J. Biol. Chem., 265, 5573, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)39399-8

Swallow, 1987, The human tumour-associated epithelial mucins are coded by an expressed hypervariable gene locus PUM, Nature, 328, 82, 10.1038/328082a0

Hollingsworth, 2004, Mucins in cancer: protection and control of the cell surface, Nat. Rev. Cancer., 4, 45, 10.1038/nrc1251

Meerzaman, 2001, Involvement of the MAP kinase ERK2 in MUC1 mucin signaling, Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 281, L86, 10.1152/ajplung.2001.281.1.L86

Ho, 1994, Serological pancreatic tumor markers and the MUC1 apomucin, Pancreas, 9, 674, 10.1097/00006676-199411000-00002

Schroeder, 2003, MUC1 alters beta-catenin-dependent tumor formation and promotes cellular invasion, Oncogene, 22, 1324, 10.1038/sj.onc.1206291

Tsutsumida, 2006, RNA interference suppression of MUC1 reduces the growth rate and metastatic phenotype of human pancreatic cancer cells, Clin. Cancer Res., 12, 2976, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1197

Moniaux, 1999, Complete sequence of the human mucin MUC4: a putative cell membrane-associated mucin, Biochem. J., 338 (Pt 2), 325, 10.1042/bj3380325

Nollet, 1998, Human mucin gene MUC4: organization of its 5'-region and polymorphism of its central tandem repeat array, Biochem. J., 332 (Pt 3), 739, 10.1042/bj3320739

Porchet, 1991, Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of a novel human tracheo-bronchial mucin cDNA containing tandemly repeated sequences of 48 base pairs, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 175, 414, 10.1016/0006-291X(91)91580-6

Carraway, 2009, Muc4/MUC4 functions and regulation in cancer, Future Oncol., 5, 1631, 10.2217/fon.09.125

Jepson, 2002, Muc4/sialomucin complex, the intramembrane ErbB2 ligand, induces specific phosphorylation of ErbB2 and enhances expression of p27(kip), but does not activate mitogen-activated kinase or protein kinaseB/Akt pathways, Oncogene, 21, 7524, 10.1038/sj.onc.1205970

Carraway, 2003, Cell signaling through membrane mucins, Bioessays, 25, 66, 10.1002/bies.10201

Chaturvedi, 2008, MUC4 mucin interacts with and stabilizes the HER2 oncoprotein in human pancreatic cancer cells, Cancer Res., 68, 2065, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6041

Moniaux, 2007, Human MUC4 mucin induces ultra-structural changes and tumorigenicity in pancreatic cancer cells, Br. J. Cancer, 97, 345, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603868

Balague, 1994, Altered expression of MUC2, MUC4, and MUC5 mucin genes in pancreas tissues and cancer cell lines, Gastroenterology, 106, 1054, 10.1016/0016-5085(94)90767-6

Cano, 2004, Orpk mouse model of polycystic kidney disease reveals essential role of primary cilia in pancreatic tissue organization, Development, 131, 3457, 10.1242/dev.01189

Pierreux, 2006, The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-6 controls the development of pancreatic ducts in the mouse, Gastroenterology, 130, 532, 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.12.005

Kim, 2002, Aberrant expression of MUC5AC and MUC6 gastric mucins and sialyl Tn antigen in intraepithelial neoplasms of the pancreas, Gastroenterology, 123, 1052, 10.1053/gast.2002.36018

Van Seuningen, I. (2008). The Epithelial Mucins: Structure/Function. Roles in Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases, Research Signpost.

Swartz, 2002, MUC4 expression increases progressively in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 117, 791, 10.1309/7Y7N-M1WM-R0YK-M2VA

Fauquette, 2007, Transcription factor AP-2alpha represses both the mucin MUC4 expression and pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, Carcinogenesis, 28, 2305, 10.1093/carcin/bgm158

Ashfaq, 2003, Highly expressed genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas: a comprehensive characterization and comparison of the transcription profiles obtained from three major technologies, Cancer Res., 63, 8614

Moniaux, 2006, Characterization of human mucin MUC17. Complete coding sequence and organization, J. Biol. Chem., 281, 23676, 10.1074/jbc.M600302200

Adsay, 2006, Role of MUC genes and mucins in pancreatic neoplasia, Am. J. Gastroenterol., 101, 2330, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00934.x

Ito, 2005, Mucin expression profile is related to biological and clinical characteristics of intraductal papillary-mucinous tumors of the pancreas, Pancreas, 30, e96, 10.1097/01.mpa.0000163358.90111.ab

Adsay, 2004, Pathologically and biologically distinct types of epithelium in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: delineation of an "intestinal" pathway of carcinogenesis in the pancreas, Am. J. Surg. Pathol., 28, 839, 10.1097/00000478-200407000-00001

Nakamura, 2002, New classification of pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous tumour by mucin expression: its relationship with potential for malignancy, J. Pathol., 197, 201, 10.1002/path.1109

Luttges, 2002, The mucin profile of noninvasive and invasive mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas, Am. J. Surg. Pathol., 26, 466, 10.1097/00000478-200204000-00008

Terada, 1996, Expression of MUC apomucins in normal pancreas and pancreatic tumours, J. Pathol., 180, 160, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199610)180:2<160::AID-PATH625>3.0.CO;2-A

Perrais, 2001, Characterization of human mucin gene MUC4 promoter: importance of growth factors and proinflammatory cytokines for its regulation in pancreatic cancer cells, J. Biol. Chem., 276, 30923, 10.1074/jbc.M104204200

Jonckheere, 2009, Tumour growth and resistance to gemcitabine of pancreatic cancer cells are decreased by AP-2alpha overexpression, Br. J. Cancer, 101, 637, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605190

Oikawa, 2003, Molecular biology of the Ets family of transcription factors, Gene, 303, 11, 10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01156-3

Fauquette, 2005, The antagonistic regulation of human MUC4 and ErbB-2 genes by the Ets protein PEA3 in pancreatic cancer cells: implications for the proliferation/differentiation balance in the cells, Biochem. J., 386, 35, 10.1042/BJ20040706

Andrianifahanana, 2007, IFN-gamma-induced expression of MUC4 in pancreatic cancer cells is mediated by STAT-1 upregulation: a novel mechanism for IFN-gamma response, Oncogene, 26, 7251, 10.1038/sj.onc.1210532

Akhurst, 2001, TGF-beta signaling in cancer--a double-edged sword, Trends Cell. Biol., 11, S44

Choudhury, 2000, Retinoic acid-dependent transforming growth factor-beta 2-mediated induction of MUC4 mucin expression in human pancreatic tumor cells follows retinoic acid receptor-alpha signaling pathway, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 33929, 10.1074/jbc.M005115200

Jonckheere, 2004, A role for human MUC4 mucin gene, the ErbB2 ligand, as a target of TGF-beta in pancreatic carcinogenesis, Oncogene, 23, 5729, 10.1038/sj.onc.1207769

Andrianifahanana, 2005, Synergistic induction of the MUC4 mucin gene by interferon-gamma and retinoic acid in human pancreatic tumour cells involves a reprogramming of signalling pathways, Oncogene, 24, 6143, 10.1038/sj.onc.1208756

McWilliams, 2005, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene carrier status is a risk factor for young onset pancreatic adenocarcinoma, Gut, 54, 1661, 10.1136/gut.2005.074534

Singh, 2007, MUC4 expression is regulated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells via transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, Oncogene, 26, 30, 10.1038/sj.onc.1209764

Kato, 2006, MUC5AC mucin gene regulation in pancreatic cancer cells, Int. J. Oncol., 29, 33

Ho, 2002, Secretion of MUC5AC mucin from pancreatic cancer cells in response to forskolin and VIP, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 294, 680, 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00529-6

Prasad, 2005, Gene expression profiles in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia reflect the effects of Hedgehog signaling on pancreatic ductal epithelial cells, Cancer Res., 65, 1619, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1413

Jonckheere, 2004, Transcriptional activation of the murine Muc5ac mucin gene in epithelial cancer cells by TGF-beta/Smad4 signalling pathway is potentiated by Sp1, Biochem. J., 377, 797, 10.1042/bj20030948

Jonckheere, 2007, The human mucin MUC4 is transcriptionally regulated by caudal-related homeobox, hepatocyte nuclear factors, forkhead box A, and GATA endodermal transcription factors in epithelial cancer cells, J. Biol. Chem., 282, 22638, 10.1074/jbc.M700905200

Melis, 2004, The murine Muc2 mucin gene is transcriptionally regulated by the zinc-finger GATA-4 transcription factor in intestinal cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 325, 952, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.108

Vincent, 2008, Forkhead box transcription factors Foxa1 and Foxa2 are important regulators of Muc2 mucin expression in intestinal epithelial cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 369, 1108, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.158

Russo, V.E.A., Martienssen, R.A., and Riggs, A.D. (1996). Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Regulation, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

2009, What is epigenetics? Strategies for research and application to cancer, Ann. Pathol., 29 (Spec No 1), S28

Van Seuningen, I. (2008). The Epithelial Mucins: Structure/Function. Roles in Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases, Research Signpost.

Vincent, 2009, Mucins: A new family of epigenetic biomarkers in epithelial cancers, Expert Opinion on Medical Diagnostics, 3, 411, 10.1517/17530050902852697

Yamada, 2008, MUC1 expression is regulated by DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 9 modification in cancer cells, Cancer Res., 68, 2708, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6844

Vincent, 2008, Epigenetic regulation of the human mucin gene MUC4 in epithelial cancer cell lines involves both DNA methylation and histone modifications mediated by DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases, Faseb. J., 22, 3035, 10.1096/fj.07-103390

Yamada, 2009, Promoter CpG methylation in cancer cells contributes to the regulation of MUC4, Br. J. Cancer, 100, 344, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604845

Nelkin, 1988, The short arm of chromosome 11 is a "hot spot" for hypermethylation in human neoplasia, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85, 5693, 10.1073/pnas.85.15.5693

Ho, 2003, Methylation status of promoters and expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC mucins in pancreatic cancer cells, Int. J. Oncol., 22, 273

Vincent, 2007, Epigenetic regulation (DNA methylation, histone modifications) of the 11p15 mucin genes (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC6) in epithelial cancer cells, Oncogene, 26, 6566, 10.1038/sj.onc.1210479

Hamada, 2005, Mapping of the methylation pattern of the MUC2 promoter in pancreatic cancer cell lines, using bisulfite genomic sequencing, Cancer Lett., 227, 175, 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.11.058

Yamada, 2010, Expression of MUC5AC, an early marker of pancreatobiliary cancer, is regulated by DNA methylation in the distal promoter region in cancer cells, J. Hepatobiliary. Pancreat. Sci., 17, 844, 10.1007/s00534-010-0278-0

Yamada, 2006, MUC2 expression is regulated by histone H3 modification and DNA methylation in pancreatic cancer, Int. J. Cancer, 119, 1850, 10.1002/ijc.22047

Jin, 2010, miR-1226 targets expression of the mucin 1 oncoprotein and induces cell death, Int. J. Oncol., 37, 61

Rajabi, 2010, Mucin 1 Oncoprotein Expression Is Suppressed by the miR-125b Oncomir, Genes Cancer, 1, 62, 10.1177/1947601909357933

Sachdeva, 2010, MicroRNA-145 suppresses cell invasion and metastasis by directly targeting mucin 1, Cancer Res., 70, 378, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-2021

Fry, 2008, Molecular markers of pancreatic cancer: development and clinical relevance, Langenbecks Arch. Surg., 393, 883, 10.1007/s00423-007-0276-0

Jhala, 2006, Biomarkers in Diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma in fine-needle aspirates, Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 126, 572, 10.1309/CEV30BE088CBDQD9

Gold, 2007, PAM4-reactive MUC1 is a biomarker for early pancreatic adenocarcinoma, Clin. Cancer Res., 13, 7380, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1488

Haab, 2010, Glycosylation variants of mucins and CEACAMs as candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms, Ann. Surg., 251, 937, 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181d7738d

Tang, 2008, Strategies used for MUC1 immunotherapy: preclinical studies, Expert Rev. Vaccines, 7, 951, 10.1586/14760584.7.7.951

Tang, 2008, Strategies used for MUC1 immunotherapy: human clinical studies, Expert Rev. Vaccines, 7, 963, 10.1586/14760584.7.7.963

Bitler, 2009, Intracellular MUC1 peptides inhibit cancer progression, Clin. Cancer Res., 15, 100, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1745

Chen, 2005, Amplification and functional characterization of MUC1 promoter and gene-virotherapy via a targeting adenoviral vector expressing hSSTR2 gene in MUC1-positive Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, Int. J. Mol. Med., 15, 617

Wei, 2008, Dendritic cells expressing a combined PADRE/MUC4-derived polyepitope DNA vaccine induce multiple cytotoxic T-cell responses, Cancer Biother. Radiopharm., 23, 121

Bafna, 2009, Pancreatic cancer cells resistance to gemcitabine: the role of MUC4 mucin, Br. J. Cancer, 101, 1155, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605285

Mimeault, M., Johansson, S.L., Senapati, S., Momi, N., Chakraborty, S., and Batra, S.K. (2010). MUC4 down-regulation reverses chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies. Cancer Lett., in press.

Kalra, 2007, Mucin impedes cytotoxic effect of 5-FU against growth of human pancreatic cancer cells: overcoming cellular barriers for therapeutic gain, Br. J. Cancer, 97, 910, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603972

Kalra, 2008, Mucin overexpression limits the effectiveness of 5-FU by reducing intracellular drug uptake and antineoplastic drug effects in pancreatic tumours, Eur. J. Cancer, 45, 164, 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.008

Tinder, 2008, MUC1 enhances tumor progression and contributes toward immunosuppression in a mouse model of spontaneous pancreatic adenocarcinoma, J. Immunol., 181, 3116, 10.4049/jimmunol.181.5.3116

Spicer, 1995, Analysis of mammalian MUC1 genes reveals potential functionally important domains, Mamm. Genome, 6, 885, 10.1007/BF00292441

Lalani, 1991, Expression of the gene coding for a human mucin in mouse mammary tumor cells can affect their tumorigenicity, J. Biol. Chem., 266, 15420, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98632-1

Aguirre, 2003, Activated Kras and Ink4a/Arf deficiency cooperate to produce metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, Genes Dev., 17, 3112, 10.1101/gad.1158703

Hingorani, 2003, Preinvasive and invasive ductal pancreatic cancer and its early detection in the mouse, Cancer Cell, 4, 437, 10.1016/S1535-6108(03)00309-X

Hingorani, 2005, Trp53R172H and KrasG12D cooperate to promote chromosomal instability and widely metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice, Cancer Cell, 7, 469, 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.04.023

Izeradjene, 2007, Kras(G12D) and Smad4/Dpc4 haploinsufficiency cooperate to induce mucinous cystic neoplasms and invasive adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, Cancer Cell, 11, 229, 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.01.017

Velcich, 2002, Colorectal cancer in mice genetically deficient in the mucin Muc2, Science, 295, 1726, 10.1126/science.1069094

Cheon, 2009, CA125/MUC16 is dispensable for mouse development and reproduction, PLoS One, 4, e4675, 10.1371/journal.pone.0004675